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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common household and laboratory acids
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citric acid and ethanoic acid
hydrochloric acid(HCl) and sulfuric acid(H2SO4) |
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Arrhenius' theory of an acid
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an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to form +H ions
HA--> H+ and A- |
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distinguish between a strong acid and a weak acid
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a strong acid is one which dissociates fully in water
a weak acid is one which only slightly dissociates in water |
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common household and laboratory bases
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milk of magnesia, ammonia
sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate |
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arrhenius' theory of bases
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a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions
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limitations to arrhenius' theory
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H+ ions do not exist in solution
they must be in aqeous solution, preventing other solvents restricted reactions which do not require water the action of amphoteric species isn't explained |
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bronsted and lowry theory of acids
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an acid is a substance that can donate a proton.
a strong acid is a good proton donor, a weak acid is a poor proton donor |
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bronsted and lowry theory of bases
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a base is a substance that can accept a proton.
a strong base is a good proton acceptor, a weak base is a poor proton acceptor |
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advantages of bronsted and lowry heory over arrhenius theory
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not restricted to aqeous solutions
broadens the range of substances we can call acids or bases. |
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what is a conjugate acid/base pair
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any pair consisting of one acid and one base which differ by one proton
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what is neutralisation
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the reaction between an acid and a base to from a salt and water
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example of neutralisation
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milk of magnesia neutralises excess stomach acid
2HCl +Mg(OH)2---> MgCl2+ 2H2O |
