Acid/base Imbalances

Front 1

Body fluid pH is a measure of the body fluid's __

Back 1

free hydrogen ion level

Hint 1

199

Front 2

normal pH ranges from

Back 2

7.35-7.45 for arterial blood

Hint 2

199

Front 3

the lower the pH value of a fluid, the ___ the level of free hydrogen ions

Back 3

higher

Hint 3

199

Front 4

a change of 1 pH unit actually represents a __ change in hydrogen ion level

Back 4

tenfold

Hint 4

199

Front 5

increased hydrogen ions = __ CO2 production

Back 5

increased CO2 production

Hint 5

199

Front 6

pH below 7.34

Back 6

acidosis

Front 7

pH above 7.46

Back 7

alkalosis

Front 8

an acid in solution __ the amount of free hydrogen ions in that solution

Back 8

increases

Hint 8

200

Front 9

a base

Back 9

binds free hydrogen ions in solutions
"takes" H+
reduces free hydrogens in solution

Hint 9

200

Front 10

buffers

Back 10

maintain pH - can take or give
can act as either acid or base

Hint 10

200

Front 11

most common buffer is

Back 11

HCO3
bicarb
controlled by kidneys

Hint 11

200

Front 12

3 Line of defense

Back 12

1- buffers
2- resp
3- kidney

Hint 12

201

Front 13

organs with base and acid balance

Back 13

kidneys- regulate by controlling bicarb

lungs- controls carbon dioxide

Hint 13

201

Front 14

normal range for Pao2

Back 14

80-100 mm Hg

Hint 14

202

Front 15

normal range for Paco2

Back 15

35-45 mm Hg

Hint 15

202

Front 16

normal range for bicarbonate

Back 16

21-28 mEq/L

Hint 16

202

Front 17

When there is too much co2 - respiratory responds by

Back 17

hyperventilation
resp increases rate and depth
"blown off"

Hint 17

203

Front 18

When there is too little co2- respiratory responds by

Back 18

hypoventilation
resp decreases rate and depth

Hint 18

203

Front 19

Respiratory action is

Back 19

rapid

Hint 19

203

Front 20

kidneys

Back 20

3rd line of defense
stronger for regulating
takes longer
kicks in when pH changes are persistent

Hint 20

20

Front 21

three mechanisms of kidneys

Back 21

movement of bicarbonate
formation of acids
formation of ammonium

Front 22

root causes of imbalance

Back 22

respiratory or metabolic

Front 23

acidosis

Back 23

excess H+
pH decreased

Front 24

alkalosis

Back 24

excess base
pH increased

Front 25

metabolic acidosis

Back 25

condition that occurs when there is too much acid. Kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body

Front 26

common causes of metabolic acidosis

Back 26

increase production of H+- metabolism of fatty acids
inadequate elimination of H+
not enough bicarb
excess elimination of bicarb

Front 27

Conditions of metabolic acidosis

Back 27

DKA
starvation
heavy exercise
hypoxia
fever
alcohol intoxication
seizures

Front 28

what you will see with metabolic acidosis

Back 28

low pH
low HCO3

Front 29

respiratory acidosis

Back 29

a condition that occurs when lungs can't remove right amount of co2 in body that is being produced. blood and body fluids are very acidic. body tries to control this by hypoventilation and hyperventilation

Front 30

causes of respiratory acidosis

Back 30

resp depression- neuro diseases (masthernia gravis, guillan-barre syndrome), poisons

inadequate chest expansion- muscle weakness, air way obstruction, skeletal deformities, reduced alveolar-capillary block

Front 31

what you will see with respiratory acidosis

Back 31

decreased pH
increase Paco2

Front 32

combined metabolic and respiratory acidosis

Back 32

cardiac arrest

Front 33

kussmaul respiration
metabolic acidosis

Back 33

deep and rapid

Front 34

respirations with respiratory acidosis

Back 34

shallow and rapid

Front 35

interventions for metabolic acidosis

Back 35

hydration
diabetic ketoacidosis- insulin
antidiarheal
bicarb too low- give bicarb

Front 36

intervention for resp acidosis

Back 36

give o2

Front 37

resp alkalosis

Back 37

co2 - decreased
pH- increased

Front 38

causes of resp alkalosis

Back 38

hyperventilation (anxiety, fear, mechanical vent, high altitudes, toxicity

Front 39

what you will see in resp alkalosis

Back 39

pH is increased
co2 is decreased

Front 40

key signs and symptoms for resp alkalosis

Back 40

hypocalcemia- positive chvostek and troussea sign

hypokalemia- increase HR, thready pusle, myocardial irritation

neuromuscular- charlie horse, tetany, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes

Front 41

intervention for resp alkalosis

Back 41

calcium, postassium, and fluids

Front 42

metabolic alkalosis

Back 42

condition that is increase of base, or decrease of acid

Front 43

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Back 43

excessive intake of bicarb, carbohydrates, acetates, citrates, antacids
excessive vomiting and NGT

Front 44

if paco2 is less than 35 or higher than 45

Back 44

respiratory

Front 45

if HCO3 is less than 21 or higher than 28

Back 45

metabolic

Front 46

normals SaO2 levels

Back 46

95-100

Front 47

acidosis K+

Back 47

increase

Front 48

alkalosis K+

Back 48

decrease

Front 49

acidosis Ca2+

Back 49

normal

Front 50

alkalosis Ca2+

Back 50

decrease

Front 51

metabolic acidosis HCO3

Back 51

decrease

Front 52

resp acidosis HCO3

Back 52

normal

Front 53

metabolic alkalosis HCO3

Back 53

increase

Front 54

resp alkalosis HCO3

Back 54

normal

Front 55

metabolic acidosis Pao2

Back 55

normal

Front 56

respiratory acidosis Pao2

Back 56

decrease

Front 57

metabolic and resp alkalosis Pao2

Back 57

normal

Front 58

metabolic acidosis Paco2

Back 58

normal and decrease

Front 59

resp acidosis Paco2

Back 59

increase

Front 60

metabolic alkalosis Paco2

Back 60

normal and increase

Front 61

resp alkalosis Paco2

Back 61

decrease

Front 62

metabolic alkalosis Cl-

Back 62

decrease

Front 63

resp alkalosis Cl-

Back 63

increase

Front 64

metabolic acidosis Cl-

Back 64

normal and increase

Front 65

resp acidosis Cl-

Back 65

increase/decrease