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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sodium
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135-145
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Potassium
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3.5-5.3
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Calcium
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8.6-11
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Magnesium
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1.5-2.5
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Phospherous
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2.5-4.5
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Bicarbonate
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22-26
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pH
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7.35-7.45
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CO2
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35-45
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Respiratory Acidosis range
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pH less than 7.35 and PaCO2 greater than 45
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Resp. Acidosis caused by
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An accumulation of CO2. Retain CO2= hypoventilation
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Resp. Acidosis factors
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Caused by chest trauma, pneumonia, flail chest, pneumothorax, spinal cord injury, sleep apnea, anesthesia, drug overdose, Guillain-Barre, aspiration, atelectasis, COPD, CHF, PE, asthma, ascites, anything that cause lungs to not expand.
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Resp. Acidosis symptoms
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dyspnea, shallow RR, O2 not going to brain (hypoxia), confused, headache, hyperkalemia, decrease BP c vasodilation, dysrhythmias, dizziness, hyperreflexia
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Resp. Acidosis TX
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Increase ventilation!!!
Treat "root" cause. Bronchodilators->Bronchospasm =COPD Antibiotics-> Respiratory Infection =Pneumonia Anticoagulants-> Pulmonary Emboli =Clot Supplemental oxygen is important, but not the final tx. Pulmonary hygiene. Hydration. |
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Respiratory Alkalosis range
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pH greater than 7.45 and PaCO2 less than 35
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Respiratory Alkalosis caused by
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Any condition causing hyperventilation (eliminating too much CO2) as anxiety, fear, pain, fever, sepsis, pregnancy, mechanical ventilation
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Respiratory Alkalosis S/S
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Light headedness, confusion, numbess & tingling of extremities, dry mouth, diaphoresis, blurred vision, seizures, tachycardia, hypokalemia, rapid breathing, N/V
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Respiratory Alkalosis TX
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Treat root cause. Breathe in paper bag, monitor closely for resp. failure. Venturi mask.
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Metabolic Acidosis range
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pH less than 7.35 and HCO3 less than 19
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Metabolic Acidosis caused by
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Renal Failure, Diabetic Ketoacidosis associated c Atkins diet (increase protein & decrease carbs), starvation, salicylate intoxication (Aspirin overdose), shock.
Extreme exercise, extreme diarrhea, ileostomy, colostomy. |
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Metabolic Acidosis S/S
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Headache, changes in LOC (confusion, increase drowsiness), restlessness progressing to coma, cardiac dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting, peripheral vasodilation, decreased cardiac output (pH <7), Kussmaul breathing, warm flushed skin (vasodilation), N/V, Decreased BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching.
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Metabolic Acidosis TX
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Dialysis can be used if it relates to renal failure.
Give sodium bicarbonate if it relates to diarrhea. |
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Metabolic Alkalosis range
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pH greater than 7.45 and HCO3 greater than 25
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Metabolic Alkalosis caused by
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Holding of antacids, excess use of bicarbonate (excess base) or gastic suction, vomiting, use of lactate in dialysis, excess administration of diuretics (loss of acid), too much TUMS.
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Metabolic Alkalosis S/S
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restlessness followed by lethargy, dysrhythmia (tachycardia), hypoventilation, confusion (decrease LOC, dizzy, irritable), N/V, diarrhea, tremors/seizures, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers & toes, hypokalemia, resp. distress.
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Metabolic Alkalosis TX
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Excessive gastric suctioning, give Tagament.
Replace IV fluids for N/V. Monitor I & O, NS, sodium chloride, seizure precaution. |
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PaO2
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80-100
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Oxygen Saturation
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>94%
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Guillain-Barre' syndrome
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Respiratory Acidosis
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ileostomy
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Hx of stomach pain, pt states he has been taking anti-acid med 6-8 times a day for 2 weeks.
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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Diarrhea for 36 hrs
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Metabolic Acidosis
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Initial stages of PE, anxiety, high altitudes, hypoxia, pregnancy, fever, hyperventilation?
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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Loss of gastric juices, overuse of antacids, potassium wasting diuretics (increase loss of H+), hypoventilation?
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Metabolic Alkalosis
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Airway obstruction, drug overdose, PE, chest trauma, COPD, hypoventilation?
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Respiratory Acidosis
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Severe diarrhea, DKA, salicylate overdose (ASA), shock, sepsis, renal failure, hyperventilation?
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Metabolic Acidosis
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