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127 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F:
AFB are strict aerobe, spore forming, slow grower, cocci shaped gram positive bacteria. |
False-AFB are:
-Strict Aerobes -NON-spore forming -Slow grower -Gram Postive Rods. |
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How do AFB look with gram stain?
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It will not be visible=shadow
or inconsistent gram positive rods |
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Can you use Gram stain to identify AFB? WHY?
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NO
Cyrstal violet and safarin stains cannot penetrate bacteria cell wall (thick lipid=mycolic acid) |
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What can Lab level I do in regard to AFB?
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ONLY Acid fast smear.
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What can lab level II do in regard ti AFB?
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everything except ID all mycobacteria.
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Can Lab level II ID Mycobacteria tuberculosis?
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Yes. ONLY ID M. tuberculosis.
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If you want to ID Mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis, which lab level can do that?
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Only level III
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Mycobacteria light test detect___
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Ability of bacteria to form pigment/grow in light and dark.
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pigement in light only
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Photochromagen= Runyon Group I
The light of Ma KAsi is pink. M. Kansosii M. marinum M. simiae M. asitaticum |
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What are Runyon Group I=Photochromagen
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The light of Ma KAsi is pink. (4)
M. Kansosii M. marinum M. simiae M. asitaticum |
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Pigement is light and dark
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Scotochromagen=Runyon group II
Both Gorden and X Seem to like the SuZuki car. or Go Ser XZ (or Go score XZ or Guess XZ) M. scrofulaceum M. szulgai M. xenopi M. goradonae |
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What are Runyon Group II
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Both Gorden and X Seem to like the SuZuki car.
or Go score XZ M. scrofulaceum M. szulgai M. xenopi M. goradonae |
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What are Runyon Group III?
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Nonphotochromahen=grow but no pigmentation in both
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List Runyon Group III (5)
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UHMALTerrae + MAC
MAC= Mycobacterium avium complex M. ulceran M. haemophilum M. malmoense M. terrae |
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What are the rapid growers?
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Runyon group IV.
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Which mycobacteria are inert?
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Mycobacterium africanum
Mycobacterium ulcerans |
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Which organism has no Runyon group?
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Leporae
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Why Leporae has no group?
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It does NOT grow in the media (LJ)
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What are the MTB complex group?
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M. tuberculosis
M bovis M. africanum MTB complex froup~TBA |
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What disease is caused by M. tuberculosis?
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1-Primary (Lung)= Primary tuberculosis
2-Dissemination (spread from lung to bloodstream)=Miliary tuberculosis 3-Genitourinary tuberculosis (sterile pyuria) 4-skeletal tuberculosis (Pott's disease) |
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Where does M. tuberculosis reside/multiply?
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Lung (alveoli) insie macrophages
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How is M. tuberculosis transmitted?
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Airborn-droplet nuclei
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Children and HIV patients
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Miliary tuberculosis is often seen in who?
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cause of Pott's disaease
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M. tuberculosis=>skeletal tuberculosis
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Back pain, hips and knee pain
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Pott's disaease
M. tuberculosis=>skeletal tuberculosis |
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UTI + sterile pyuri ( increase WBC in urine without bacteria presence)
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M. tuberculosis=>Genitourinary tuberculosis
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Macroscopic finding:
Rough, dry, buff (off white color)colonies _dull not shiny |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
or Mycobacterium ulcerans (inert + 30C) |
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Microscopic:
"Serpent cords" from broth media |
"Mycobacterium tuberculosis"
(clumping together and form a line) |
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NAP test
NAP (r-nitro--acetyl amino-b-hydroxypropiophenone) |
in conjunction with the "Bactec" instrument
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Why use NAP test?
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ONLY M. tuberculosis will not grow
(low growth index- control has higher growth index) |
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inhibits M. tuberculosis complex growth in Bactec bottles
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Bactec/ NAP Test.
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What grow on NAP test
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MOTT
Mycobacteria other than tuberculosis |
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Catalase for M. tuberculosis is ?
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Negative ( <45)
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Niacin and nitrate for M. tuberculosis?
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Positive
(Yellow-red) |
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Nicin test reagent?
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aniline solution and cyanogen bromide to extract Niacin from agar.
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Negative 68C catalase?
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Negative cat-HGTB (HGTV lol)
M. tuberculosis M. bovine M. gastri M. haemophilus |
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MDR= multidrug resistance
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to INH (isoniazid) and Rifamp
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First drugs for TB (tuberculosis) treatment (starting)
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INH and Rifampin for 9-12 months
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WHat can cause MDR
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in-adherance to antibiotic treatment
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Mycobacteri that affect cattle
( also dog, parrot, car, pig, humans) |
M. bovis
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M. bovis vs M. bovis BCG?
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M. bovis is dysgonic=poor grower~ 6-8 week
M. bovis BCG= eugonic= good grower~ 3-4 weeks |
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How can we differentiate:
M. bovis from M. avium? |
5 mcg/ml T2H susceptibiloty test:
M. bovis no growth -suceptible (dysgonic=poor grower~ 6-8 weeks) |
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What is T2H?
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Agar infused with thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (T2H)
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Only~ is susceptible (no growth) to T2H?
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M. bovis and B. bovis BCG
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M. avium result with T2H
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Resistant= grow
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If growth is greater than 1% of the growth on a control non-T2H agar,
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the organism is resistant
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TB vaccination is made from?
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attenuating (weak) strain of live BCG ( M. bovis BCG)
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M. africanum biochemical reaction=>
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inert- only Urease positive (pink)
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What cause Leprosy?
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M. leprae
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What cause Hansen's disease?
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Hansen's disease=Leprosy=>
M. leprae |
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FOrm of Leprosy?
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1-Tuberculoid leprosy (spontaneous recovery) ok
2-Lepromatous (limb fall off) bad! |
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What organ system is affected by Leprosy?
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skin and nervous system
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How is Leprosy diagnosed?
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skin biobsy (in vivo)
Becasue M. leprae cannot grow in vitro |
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Yellow colony
Positive Nitrate (red) |
Group I- M. Kansasii (tap water)
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grow only at 30 C
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3X UHM
M. marinum M. haemophilum M. ulcerans |
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grow at 42C
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M. xenopi
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30 C
Fried egg shape on plate, Swimmer pool granuloma infect fish in acquarium |
Group I-M. marinum
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fried egg shape on plate
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Group I-M. marinum
Mary likes fried eggs! :) |
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fish in tank dies, probably infected with
(swimming pool granuloma) |
M. marinum
Mary killed the fish |
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traumatized skin comes in contact with fresh or salt water
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M. marinum causing=(swimming pool granuloma)
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Pyrazin-amidase is used to differentiate=
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Positive: M. marinum + M. tuberculosis
Negative: M. kansassii + M. bovis |
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Pyrazin-amidase - how long?
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4 days
Pyrazinamidase hydrolyzes: pyrazinamide to ---->pyrazinoic acid (become red with ferrous sulfate) |
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reagent for Pyrazin-amidase ?
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Ferrous ammonium sulfate
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A red (positive) pyrazine-amidase indicate the presence of?
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pyrozinoic acid
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Pulmonary disease
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M. simiae
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Bacteria isolated from monkey
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Group I:
M. simiae (pulmonary) M. asiaticum (rarely cause human disease) |
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Differentiate M. simiae from M. asiaticum?
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Tellurite and Tween hydrolysis test
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Differentiate M. simiae from M. asiaticum?
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Tellurite reduction (+) for M. simiae
Tween hydrolysis (-) for M. simiae **Opposite results for M. asiaticum " Sima's teenager are negative" |
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Tellurite reduction test use what media?
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MiddleBrook 7H9 broth
add- potassium tellurite |
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Black cell sediment in the bottom of the tune
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Positive Tellurite reduction test
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All rapid-growers reduce tellurite
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in 3 days.
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how to differentiate M. avium from nonchromogenic species-
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Tellurite reduction test
M. avium will produce black sediment with Tellurite reduction test |
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Which organism have positive tellurite test
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ALL repid grower + M. avium (nonchromahenic)
+ M. simiae+ M. malmoense (nonphotochromagen) "SiMA" |
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Tween hydrolysis
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detergent like
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positive tween hydrolysis test
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pink
M. gordonae and M. Malmoense |
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Cervical lymphadenitis (children) disease is associated with~
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M. scrofulaceum (urease positive)
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Urease test is used to differentitae?
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M. scrofulaceum (urease positive)
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A nitrate-negative, Tween 80-positive scotochromogen is most likely
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M. gordonae.***
but can be M. scrofulaceum if urease positive |
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A nitrate-negative, Tween 80-positive scotochromogen with positive urease is most likely
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M. scrofulaceum (urease positive)
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NTM stand for
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“Nonpathogenic” mycobacteria - but can still cause disease in compromised.
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M. gastri is isolated from
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gastric content (stomach)
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Common laboratory contaminant and is known as the “tap-water bacillus” or “tap-water scotochromogen.”
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M. gordonae
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Scotochromagenic at 37C but photochromagenic at 25C
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M. szulgai
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Which one is M szulgai?
A-pigment in both tube at 37, pigment in both tubes at RT B-no pigment in both tube at 37,no pigment in both tubes at RT C-pigment in only the light tube at 37, pigment only in light tubes at RT D-pigment in both tubes at 37, pigment only in light tube at RT |
D-szulgai
A=Scotochromagenic B-nonphotochromagenic C-photochromagenic |
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Which group grow at 42C
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Group II M. xenopi
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isolated from toad
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M. xenopia
the toad is called (xenopus laevus) |
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bird nest appearance
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M. xenopia
42C, toad, birdnestt |
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sticklike filaments project from the colonies
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bird nest appearabce M. xenopia
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Semi-quant catalase for M. xenopia is
Tween and nitrate Arylsulfate |
Negative
except arylsulfate is positive |
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Some strains are scotochromogenic, others are nonphotochromogenic
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M. xenopi
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found in soil and water
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M. gordonae
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Tap water bacillus
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M. gordonae
Resistance to drugs |
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urease is used to distinguish?
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M. scrofulaceum (+) from
M. gordonae (-) |
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Immunocompromised patient are at highest risk for:
~A the second risk is~B the third risk is ~C |
A- first is TB
B- second is M. avium C-third is Leporasy |
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transmitted trough chicken infection (poultry)
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MAC
M. avium complex |
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mycobacterial lymphadenitis (inflamed lymph nodes)
HIV patients, cancer patients |
MAC
M. avium complex |
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Nodular pulmonary infection in elderly woman
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M. intracellular
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Most common cause of NTM infections
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The M. avium complex
resistant to many antimycobacterial drugs |
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you see two colonies on the MB 7H10: Thin transparent and smooth raised creamy
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The M. avium complex
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Burnli ulcer (skin 30C)
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M. ulceran
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you took a skin biopsy test, and you suspect M. ulceran. What do you expect 68% catalase and Tween?
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catalse +
Tween - |
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Require hemin from CHOC(blood) to grow
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M. haemophilum
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skin infection in HIV infected patient
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M. haemphilum
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If you do not have CHOC, what can you susbtitute to grow M. haemophilum?
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LJ with ferric ammonium citrate
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isolated from Malmo, Sweeden
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M. malmoense
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Require deep inoculatn-Grow below surface of agar
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M. malmoense
pulmonary disease-resist drug |
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Radish bacillus
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garden disease
M. Terra complex |
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work in the garden, developed osteomyelitis. what infection can cause this?
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M. terrae-~ puch wound in hand
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associated with intravascular catheter-contamination infection
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M. fortuitum
M. mucogenicum |
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Soil and water
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M. fortuitum, terrae???
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Where does M. Malmoense reside?
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Lung
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septic arthritis
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M. terrae
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breat implant rupture can cause infection from~
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M. chelonae
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isolated from sea turtle
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M. chelonae
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Has highest antibiotic resistance profile among rapid growers
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M. abscessus
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Mucoid/ slimy
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M. mucogenicum
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You are trying to identify Mycobacteria causing intravascular catheter-related bacteremia-
what test is helpful? |
M. fortuitumand & M. mucogenicum
Tolerance to 5% NaCl & positive Nitrate reduction=> M. fortuitum |
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52C
Smooth or rough yellow colony |
M. thermorsistable
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Iron uptake test use what media?
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LJ media + 20% ferric ammonium citrate
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how long do you incubate Iron uptake media test
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up to 21 days
If grow in 3-4 days=> Rapid grower |
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rusty brown
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positive Iron uptake
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Why use Iron uptake test?
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Differentitate NEG M. chelonae
from other Rapid grower! |
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Why is crystal violet removed from MacConky?
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To allow growth of
gram-positive bacteria and fastidious gram-negative bacteria |
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Nitrate reduction positive (+)
grow on the special MAC agar(without crystal violet) Susceptible to drugs belong to |
M. fortuitum complex.
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grow on the special MAC agar(without crystal violet)
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M. fortuitum complex and (Nitrate reduction positive)
M. chelonae |
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Tolerance test: LJ + 5% NaCL
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ONLY M. triviale is positive
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cultured on the feet of mice or on nine banded armadillos due to the inability to culture in vitro.
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M. leprae
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