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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acid-base balance, 1-6
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acids
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Acid-base balance, 8-14
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basic or alkaline
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Acid-base balance, 7
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neutral
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In the body, the human body the neutral zone is
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7.35 to 7.45
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PH below 6.9 or above 7.8
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can be fatal.
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Buffers - Protein
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Albumin
Globulin Hemoglobin- most common |
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Chemical Buffers
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Biocarbonate - most common
Phosphate |
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Renal
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-Biocarbonate- either retains or excretes
-Excretes H Ions -too acidic uses ammonium, ions bond to it & is excreted -Retains H ions- when too basic recirculates |
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Respiratory
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-hyperventilate - too acidic (trying to rid co2)
-Hyperventilate- too basic (trying to keep co2) |
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Arterial Blood Gases norms
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Ph- 7.35-7.45
PaCo2 35-44 mmHg PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L PaO2 80-100 mm Hg |
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Arterial Pressure of CO2
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35-44 mmHg
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Biocarbonate
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22-26 MEq/L
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Partial arterial pressure of O2
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PaO2 80-100 mm Hg
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ROME
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Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal. Acidosis is always lower PH, Alkalosis will be higher PH
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What if normal PH, increased CO2 and increased HC03?
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Then respiratory acidosis is most likely the explanation, increased CO2 causes increase in HCO3, which lowers PH to normal range
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Ischemia
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restriction in blood supply to tissues, may cause metabolic acidosis
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Metabolic acidosis
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over production of ions or under-elimination of ions
underproduction of biocarbonate or over-elimination of biocarbonate |
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over production of ions
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-excessive break down of fatty acid~Ketoacidosis or starvation
-excessive lactic acid from breakdown of glucose (w/out o2)~ too little O2=excessive exercise, fever, reduced O2 -excessive intake of acid - asprin |
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under-elimination of ions
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usually lost through respiration or renal
-kidney failure |
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underproduction of biocarbonate
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H ion production & removal are normal but too few biocarbonates are produced to balance = Kidney & Pancreas produce so failure or impairment will cause. impaired Liver can also effect
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over-elimination of biocarbonate
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H ion production & removal are normal but too many biocarbonates are lost = diarrhea
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metabolic alkalosis
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Increased bases or decreased acids
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Treatments that promote acid loss
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NG Tube section, diuretics
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