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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolic Acidosis
|
pH < 7.35
HCO3 <22 mEq/L |
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Metabolic acidosis cause
|
excess acids
bicarb deficiency |
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Metabolic Acidosis
Common Causes |
Increased acid production - lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis
Decreased acid excretion - renal failure Increased Bicarb loss - Diarrhea, ileosomy drainage, intestinal biliary or pancreatic fistulas Increased Chloride - sodium chloride IV solutions, renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
|
Metabolic Alkalosis
Common Causes |
Increased acid loss or excretion - vomiting, gastric suction, hypokalemia
Increased Bicarb - Alkali ingestion (bicarbonate of soda), excess bicarb administration |
|
Metabolic acidosis compensation
|
rate and depth of respirations increase, eliminating additional CO2
|
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Respiratory Acidosis
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pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45 mmHg |
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Metabolic Alkalosis
|
pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 26 mEq/L |
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Metabolic alkalosis cause
|
bicarb excess
|
|
Metabolic acidosis effect on ABGs
|
decrease pH
decrease HCO3 decrease PaCO2 |
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Respiratory Alkalosis
|
pH 7.45
PaCO2 < 35 mmHg |
|
Respiratory Alkalosis
Common Causes |
Anxiety induced hyperventilation, fever, early salicylate intoxication, hperventilation with mechanical ventilator
|
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Metabolic alkalosis compensation
|
rate and depth of respirations decrease, retaining CO2
|
|
Metabolic alkalosis effect on ABGs
|
increase pH
increase HCO3 increase PaCO2 |
|
Respiratory acidosis cause
|
retained CO2
excess carbonic acid |
|
Respiratory acidosis compensation
|
Kidneys conserve bicarb to resore carbonic acid:bicarb ration of 1:20
|
|
Respiratory Acidosis
Common Causes |
Acute respiratory conditions (pulmonary edema, pneumonia, acute asthma), opiate OD, foreign body aspiratio0n, chest trauma
Chronic respiratory acidosis, COPD, cystic fibrosis, MS, Stroke |
|
Respiratory acidosis effect on ABGs
|
decrease pH
Increase PaCO2 Increase HCO3 |
|
Respiratory alkalosis cause
|
loss of CO2
deficient carbonic acid |
|
Respiratory alkalosis compensation
|
Kidneys excrete bicarb and conserve H+ to restore carbonic acid: bicarb ratio
|
|
Respiratory alkalosis effect on ABGs
|
increase pH
decrease PaCO2 decrease HCO3 |