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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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must be regulated within a narrow margin to maintain acid-base balance |
H+ |
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normal Lab values of: PaCO2, HCO3 (bicarbonate), and pH |
PaCO2: 36-44 mm Hg HCO: 22-26 mEq/L pH: 7.35-7.45 |
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pH (logrithmic equation) |
pH=-log10[H+] implies that every 1 digit change in pH=10 digit change in the H+ levels |
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pH value: as [H+] increases? ratios? |
decreases. base/acid, renal/pulmonary, or metabolic/respiratory |
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pH values of: gastric juices, urine, arterial blood, venous blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pancreatic fluid |
GJ: 1.0-3.0, U:5.0-6.0, AB: 7.38-7.42, VB: 7.37, CF: 7.32, PF: 7.8-8.0 AB-considered nutral for the body (7.4) VB-biproducts of matabolism are acidic CF- CSF can't buffer H+ PF- alkaline fluid nutralizes GJ |
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Acid production in the body/day |
body acids formed as end products of metabolism. -50-100 mEq/day of acid -Same amount must be neutralized or excreted -involves lungs, kidneys and bone. |
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Volitile body acids |
eliminated as CO2 -H2CO3 carbonic acid |
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Nonvolitile body acids |
eliminated by renal tubules -sulfuric, phosphoric, lactic |
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Chemical equation that accompanies the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffering system of the body |
CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3 <--> HCO3 + H+ |
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Carbonic acid/bicarbonate is shifted left or right based on the presence or absence of ___________. The pH _______ when it moves to the non-volitile acid (kidney), which moves slowly, and pH ___________ as it moves to the volitile acid (lungs), which moves quickly. |
substrate, drops, rises |
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only volitile acid that can be eliminated by the respiratory system |
carbonic acid |
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Buffers |
different types of chemical substances that can absorb excessive H+ or OH- without significant change in pH |
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Buffer pairs |
weak acid and conjugate base |
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Henderson-Hasselbalch equation |
pH=pK + log [conjugate base]/[weak acid] ([conjugate base]/[weak acid]) refers to the concentration relationship between the base/acid or contrubution from the kidneys/lungs. |
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compensation vs correction |
normal ratio, abnormal values vs values return to normal values |
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protein buffering |
using intra- and extracellular (-) proteins to buffer H+ -Hemoglobin is best example -Hb binds to H+ (HHb) and CO2 (HbCO2) -unstaturated Hb is better buffer (venous) |
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renal buffering |
secrete H+ into urine to reabsorb bicarbonate. -buffers in tubular fluid which combine with H+ are dibasic phospate and ammonia |
