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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is pH?
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Describes the acid-base balance of body fluids, including blood
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What is normal blood pH and normal range?
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Normal blood pH=7.4
normal range (7.35-7.45) |
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What is the buffering system composed of?
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1.Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
2.Hemoglobin 3.Plasma proteins 4.Phosphates |
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What can pH imbalances lead to?
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abnormal cellular activity and death.
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What is acid-base homeostasis regulated by?
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1. Extracellular buffering
2. Respiratory Tract 3. Kidneys |
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The primary extracellular buffering system is?
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Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
Can be regualted by either HCO3 or CO2 Rapidly responds to changes in H concentration |
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Normal ABG Values
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pH (7.35-7.45)
PaCO2(35-45) HCO3(22-26) |
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How to calculate anion gap?
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AG= (NA)-[Cl + HCO3]
Normal= 7-16 |
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PaCO2 and HCO3
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^PaCO2=Acid
dec PaCO2=base ^HCO3=base dec HCO3=acids |
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What is metabolic acidosis?
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pH <7.35
HCO3<22 Compensation dec PaCO2 Anion Gap |
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What are causes for metabolic acidosis elevated anion gap?
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Methanol
Uremia DKA Poisoning Intoxication/Infection Lactic Acid Ethylene glycol Salicylates/Sepsis |
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What are causes for normal anion gap?
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Diarrhea
Renal Failure(early) Biliary drainage pancreatic fistula |
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What are S&S for metabolic acidosis?
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Kussmaul respirations
dec appetite, N/V Vasodilation Confusion, lethargy, stupor, coma |
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What is Metabolic alkalosis?
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pH > 7.45
HCO3>26 Compensation: ^PaCO2 |
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What are causes of metabolic alkalosis?
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1. Excessive loss of hydrogen ions
2. Vomiting 3.Nasogastric tube 4.Diuretic use 5.I.V's of bicarbonate |
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What are the S&S of metabolic alkalosis?
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1. Hypoventilation
2.Cardiac arrhythmias 3.Neuromuscular 4.Confusion |
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What is Respiratory Alkalosis?
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pH >7.45
PaCO2<35 Compensation dec HCO3 |
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What is the most common acid-base disturbance?
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Respiratory Alkalosis
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What are causes of respiratory alkalosis?
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Anxiety, pain, fever, head trauma, pregnancy, PE, asthma, high altitude, shock
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What are S&S of respiratory alkalosis?
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1.Light-headedness, confusion
2.Muscle cramps, tetany 3.Syncope, seizures 4.Cardiac arrhythmias |
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Acute vs Chronic respiratory acidosis?
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Acute-is a medical emergency
Chronic-is NOT a medical emergency |
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Acute causes vs chronic causes
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Acute- Meds, stroke/head injury, airway obstruction, asthma, COPD, pneumonia,neuromuscular abnorms
Chronic: COPD, Tumors,MS |
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What are S&S for respiratory acidosis?
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1.Typically asymptomatic
2.Confusion, seizures, stupor, coma 3.Hypotension |
