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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the three main mechanisms of acidosis?
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increased acid production
loss of bicarbonate or bicarbonate precursors decreased acid excretion |
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what are the two types of metabolic acidosis
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normal anion gap
and increased anion gap |
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what is normal anion gap metabolic acidosis also called?
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hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
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how is the anion gap (AG) calculated?
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AG = Na - ( HCO3 + Cl )
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what is the mechanism of acidosis in normal anion gap acidosis?
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loss of bicarbonate or bicarbonate precursors
or decreased acid secretion (except chronic kidney disease) |
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what is the mechanism of acidosis in increased anion gap acidosis?
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increased acid production
mnemonic: increased AG acidosis --> increased acid production |
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what are the principal causes for normal anion gap acidosis?
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intestinal loss
and renal tubular acidosis |
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what are the principal causes of acidosis in increased anion gap acidosis?
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lactic acidosis
ketoacidosis ingestions |
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what are causes for ketoacidosis?
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diabetic
alcoholic starvation/ fasting |
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what are examples of ingestions leading to acidosis?
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methanol
ethylene glycol aspirin toluene (early) |
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what are the principal mechanisms for normal anion gap acidosis?
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loss of bicarbonate in intestine or kidney (proximal RTA, type II)
or decreased acid secretion in kidney (RTA type I and IV) |
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what are the correctional values in acute respiratory acidosis?
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increase in bicarbonate by 1 mmol/l per 10 mmHg increase in pCO2
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what are the correctional values in chronic respiratory acidosis?
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increase in bicarbonate by 3.5 mmol/l per 10 mmHg increase in pCO2
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what are the correctional values in metabolic acidosis?
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decrease in pCO2 by 1,2 mmHg per 1 mmol/l decrease in bicarbonate
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what are the correctional values in metabolic alkalosis?
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increase in pCO2 by 0.6 mmHg per 1 mmol/l increase in bicarbonate
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what are the correctional values in acute respiratory alkalosis?
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decrease in bicarbonate by 2 mmol/l per 10 mmHg decrease in pCO2
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what are the correctional values in chronic respiratory alkalosis?
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decrease in bicarbonate by 4-5 mmol/l per 10 mmHg decrease in pCO2
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