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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the 7 strong acids
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HCl
HBr HI HNO3 HClO3 HClO4 H2SO4 |
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Arrhenius definitions of acids and bases
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Acids produce H+
Bases produce OH- |
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Bronsted-Lowry definitions
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Acids transfer H+
Bases receive H+ |
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Lewis definitions
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Acids are election pair acceptors
Bases are electron pair donors |
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Autoionization of water constant
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1 * 10^-14 at 25 degrees Celsius
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Le Chatelier's Principle
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If a system at equilibrium is perturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or concentration, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to (partially) counteract the effect of perturbation.
"If you push the universe, it pushes back." |
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Common Ion Effect
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Extent of dissociation of a weak electrolyte is decreased by adding a strong electrolyte that has an ion in common with weak electrolyte.
HA <--> H+ + A- MA <--> M+ + A- Common ion comes from both wk acid and soluble salt. Addition of salt suppresses dissociation of wk acid. "Ions just want to be alone." |
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Calculations via ICE table:
As a general rule, it quantity of x is more than ____ of initial value, it is better to use the quadratic formula. |
5%
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Henderson-Hasselbach Equation
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pH = pKa + log[HA]/[A-]
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How do you calculate the pH of a buffer solution?
HA <--> H+ + A- MA <--> M+ + A- |
pH = pKa + log[salt]/[acid]
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Blood is a _____ solution that needs to stay in the pH range of _____.
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buffered, 7.35-7.45 (usually 7.4)
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The buffer system in blood is made from ____ and ____ and has a high capacity to neutralize ____.
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carbonic acid and bicarbonate
acids |
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HF HCl HBr HI
Acid strength is ______ CH4 NH3 H2O HF Acid strength is ______ |
increasing
increasing |
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Ideal gas law
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PV = nRT
R = gas constant = 0.08206 L-atm/mol-K |
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Converting Kp to Kc
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Kp = Kc (RT)^delta n
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Dalton's Law
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sum of partial pressures = total pressure
OR partial pressure = (mole fraction X)(total pressure) X = moles gas / total moles |
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Insoluble solids dissolve slightly in H2O, measured by Ksp, the ________.
Solubility is measured in units of _____. Molar solubility is defined by ____. Solubility can be strongly influenced by _____, _____, and __. |
solubility product constant
g of solute/L of soln moles of solute that dissolve to form 1 L of saturated soln common ion effect complex ion formation pH |
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Complex ion formation
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Occurs when ion of an insoluble compound can form a soluble complex ion in solution--> increases solubility, determined by Kf
Assembly of a metal ion and Lewis base Multiply Ksp and Kf (formation constant) together |
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Amphiprotic
Amphoteric oxides and bases |
any molecule that can gain or lose a proton
more specific: insoluble in neutral H2O, dissolve in stg acid or base, can behave as acid or base ex. Al3+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Sn2+ |
