Acid-Base Balances

Front 1

What is body fluid pH?

Back 1

measure of the body fluid's free H+ ion level

Front 2

What are the 4 homeostatic mechanisms used to maintain acid-base balances?

Back 2

pH, buffer systems, kidneys, lungs

Front 3

Acids do what?

Back 3

release/donate H+ ions when dissolved in pH...the acidity depends on the number of H+ ions

Front 4

Acids are Proton (H+) acceptors or donors?

Back 4

Acids are proton (H+) donors

Front 5

Bases/alkalis are proton (H+) acceptors or donors?

Back 5

Bases/alkalis are proton (H+) acceptors

Front 6

Bases do what?

Back 6

Bases bind free H+ ions in solutions

Front 7

Major base in the body is?

Back 7

Bicarbonate (HCO3)...bicarbonate makes a base a base

Front 8

The more H+ present the more______ (acidic/alkalitic)

Back 8

acidic

Front 9

Decrease in H+ leads to (acidity or alkalitity)?

Back 9

alkalitity

Front 10

Carbon dioxide is a (base/acid) and is found where?

Back 10

CO2 is an acid and is a major lung chemical

Front 11

Alkaline pH (increase/decreases) neuromuscular functions?

Back 11

alkaline pH decreases neuromuscular functions

Front 12

Acidic pH (increases/decreases) cardiac contractions?

Back 12

Acidic pH decreases cardiac contractions

Front 13

On the pH scale, 0 is......

Back 13

acidic

Front 14

On the pH scale, 14 is......

Back 14

alkalotic

Front 15

The pH of water is??

Back 15

7 and this is neutral pH

Front 16

The normal pH of the body's ECF is?

Back 16

7.35-7.45

Front 17

Abnormally acidic is pH of?

Back 17

below 7.35

Front 18

Abnormally alkalotic is pH of?

Back 18

above 7.45

Front 19

A pH below ____ and above _____ will interfere with cellular functioning and if uncorrected can lead to death.

Back 19

below 6.8 and above 7.8

Front 20

pH is maintained in a ration of ?

Back 20

20:1 ... 20 is bicarbonate (HC03) and 1 is carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Front 21

Acidosis is a pH below ___ and is a condition not a disorder.

Back 21

7.35

Front 22

Another name for acidosis is?

Back 22

Acid excess and a base deficit

Front 23

Condition in which H+ acid ions increase and HCO3 base ions are lost.

Back 23

Acidosis / acid excess and a base deficit

Front 24

Some early signs of acidosis are:

Back 24

1st appear in the nervous system, then respiratory, then cardiac system, then neuromuscular system

Front 25

You can can expect to see CNS depression or excitation with Acidosis:

Back 25

Expect to see CNS depression with acidosis

Front 26

Alkalosis is a pH above ___ and is a condition not a disorder.

Back 26

7.45

Front 27

Another name for alkalosis is?

Back 27

Base excess and an acid deficit

Front 28

3 major systems that control acid-base regulation?

Back 28

1. Buffer system -> reacts immediately
2. Respiratory system -> reacts in minutes, max effect in couple hours
3. Renal system -> 2-3 days to respond, but has a powerful response when activated

Front 29

What do buffers do?

Back 29

Buffers act chemically to change strong acids into weaker acids...OR...bings acids to neutralize their effect

Front 30

Overal function of buffers is to:

Back 30

minimize the effect of acids on blood pH and bring fluid as close as possible to normal body fluid pH

Front 31

What is the primary buffer system of the body?

Back 31

Bicarbonate buffer system

Front 32

Buffer system maintains what ratio between bicarbonate and carbonic acid and normal pH?

Back 32

20:1

Front 33

What is the most plentiful buffering system in the body?

Back 33

Protein-buffering system.

Front 34

What does the respiratory system due when hyperventilation is occurring...

Back 34

respiratory system will increase rate and depth of breathing in order to blow off and more CO2 is expelled, which means less CO2 in blood

Front 35

Respiratory buffer: LUNGS...regulate/control what?

Back 35

Lungs control and regulate blood levels of CO2 and the H2CO3 content

Front 36

What is the normal PaCO2 level? (partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood)

Back 36

35-45 mm Hg

Front 37

What does the respiratory system due when hypoventilation is occurring...

Back 37

tries to compensate with slow shallow breathing, causing more CO2 to be retained and pH will decrease

Front 38

How does the renal buffer system (kidney) work?

Back 38

reabsorbs acids and bases or excretes them in urine

Front 39

What does the kidney do as the 3rd line of defense against changes in pH?

Back 39

tries to compensate by holding HC03 and CO2 levels will increase and the level o pH will go back to normal.

Front 40

Normal HCO3 level:

Back 40

22-26 mEq/L

Front 41

How do the lungs assist the bicarbonate system?

Back 41

the lungs regulate production of H2CO3

Front 42

How do the kidneys assist the bicarbonate system?

Back 42

the kidneys regulate production HCO3

Front 43

Normal Level of pH:

Back 43

7.35-7.45

Front 44

Normal Level of PaCO2:

Back 44

25-45 mm Hg

Front 45

Normal Level of HC03:

Back 45

22-26 mEq/L

Front 46

Normal Level of SaO2 saturation:

Back 46

>95% - 100%

Front 47

Normal Level of PaO2:

Back 47

80-100 mm Hg ((reflects the bodys ability to pick up O2 from lungs))

Front 48

What factors effect acid-base/body fluids/E-lytes?

Back 48

Age, gender/body size, illness and medical DX/ meds/ surgery

Front 49

A decrease in PaO2 level can lead to?

Back 49

hypoxemia which can then lead to hyperventilation

Front 50

If a client is in metabolic alkalosis/acidosis : problem is?

Back 50

KIDNEY...metabolic=kidney

Front 51

If the patient is in either a respiratory acidosis/alkalosis problem is?

Back 51

LUNGS...respiratory=lungs

Front 52

ABG values for Metabolic Acidosis:

Back 52

pH < 7.35 and HCO3 <22 mEq/L

Front 53

Metabolic acidosis is also known as:

Back 53

Base Bicarbonate Deicit

Front 54

Explain metabolic acidosis:

Back 54

Too much acid (H+ ions) from metabolism and loss of HCO3 from the body...GAINS ACID; LOSES BASE