Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Low pH is
|
Acidity
|
|
|
High ph is
|
alkalinity
|
|
|
Normal range of plasma pH
|
7.35-7.45
|
|
|
What compound forms H+ in solution or proton donors?
|
acids
|
|
|
What compounds combine with H+?
|
bases
|
|
|
Low pH is
|
Acidity
|
|
|
High ph is
|
alkalinity
|
|
|
Normal range of plasma pH
|
7.35-7.45
|
|
|
What compound forms H+ in solution or proton donors?
|
acids
|
|
|
Low pH is
|
Acidity
|
|
|
What compounds combine with H+?
|
bases
|
|
|
High ph is
|
alkalinity
|
|
|
Normal range of plasma pH
|
7.35-7.45
|
|
|
What compound forms H+ in solution or proton donors?
|
acids
|
|
|
What compounds combine with H+?
|
bases
|
|
|
What does hydrocholoric acid or when added to blood?
|
gives up H+
|
|
|
What does sodium bicarbonate do when added to blood?
|
removes H+
|
|
|
What do acids and bases do to H+
|
react with one another to neutralize H+ concentration
|
|
|
Name the three mechanisms that regulate acid-base balance to maintian the arterial pH
|
1. Buffers
2. Respiratory system 3. Renal System |
|
|
What do buffers do?
|
act chemically to neutralize acids or change strong acids to weak acids
|
|
|
what are the 4 primary buffers?
|
Bicarbonate, phosphate, protein and ammonium
|
|
|
why are buffers like a sponge?
|
because they soak up the excess H+ or squeeze our the excess H+
|
|
|
T/F buffers can maintain pH withough the adequate functioning of the respiratory and renal system.
|
False, they need adequate functioning of the respiratory and renal systems
|
|
|
What do the buffer Proteins do?
|
maintains balance by the poscess of 'Chloride shift'
|
|
|
What does the chloride shift do?
|
Chloride moves in and out of RBCs in response to the amount of O2 in and acid. When Cl moves into the cell, Bicarbonate moves out of the cell.
|
|
|
What is hemoglobin?
|
a protein that assists in regulation of pH by shifting chloride in and out of RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate
|
|
|
Where is the respiratory center located?
|
in the medulla oblongata
|
|
|
what responds immediately to regulate acid base imbalance?
|
Buffers
|
|
|
Central chemoreceptors in the medulla respond to chemical composition changes of...
|
PaO2, PaCO2 and H+
|
|
|
How does the respiratory center regulate acid base problems?
|
if the PaO2 decreases, then the medulla will stimulate the lungs to increase ventilation
|
|
|
What happens if the H+ is increased in the respiratory system
|
(acidosis) this cause the medulla to stimulate increased respirations to help increase the release of CO2 or carbonic acid to blow off the excess H+
|
|
|
What happens if the H+ is decreased in the respiratory system?
|
(alkalosis) causes medulla to reduce the stimulation and decrease respiratory rate which will help retain or decrease the loss of CO2
|
|
|
What does the Renal system do?
|
eliminates H+ and reabsorbs HCO3, and reabsorption and sectetion of electrolytes
|
|
|
How fast does the renal system respond?
|
within hours or days
|
|
|
what are the 3 mechanisms the kidneys use for acid elimination?
|
1. secretion of H+ into the renal tubule
2. combination of H+ with ammonia to form ammonium (NH3) |
|
|
T/F the kidneys can increase or decrease pH as a compensatory mechanism.
|
True
|
|
|
If the renal system iis the cause of an acid base imbalance, what happens?
|
is loses its ability to correct a pH alteration.
|
|
|
What are used to interpret acid base imbalances, oxyenation and ventilation?
|
ABGs
|
|
|
what are the 4 abnormailities in the balance of acid to base?
|
1. Respiratory acidosis
2. respiratory alkalosis 3. metabolic acidosis 4. metabolic alkalosis |
|
|
what is Pao2?
|
the partial pressure of oxygen that is dissolved in the plasma
(80-100 mmHg) |
|
|
What is SaO2?
|
arterial oxygen saturation, it measures the degree to which oxygen is bound to hemoglobin (92-100%)
|
|
|
What is PaCO2?
|
amount of carbons dioxide dissolved in the arterial blood (35-45 mmHg)
|
|
|
what is HCO3
|
calculated value of the amount of bicarbonate in the blood stream (21-28 mEq/L)
|
|
|
What is B.E.
|
base excess that indicates the amount of excess or insufficient level of bicarbonate in the system (-2 to +2 mEq/L)
|
|
|
what is pH?
|
it is the measurement of acidity or alkalinity based on the H+ ions present (7.35-7.45)
|
|
|
what are the 2 classification of imbalances?
|
1: respiratory:affect carbonic acid concentration
2:metabolic: affect bicarbonate |
|
|
what is respiratory acidosis caused by?
|
hypoventilation, CNS depression, loss of lung surface, respiratory failure
|
|
|
what does the body do to compensate for respiratory acidosis?
|
the kidneys conserve bicarbonate and secrete increased concentrations of H+ into the urine
PaCO2 increases and pH decreases |
|
|
what is respiratory alkalosis caused by?
|
hyperventilation, hyposemia from pulmonary disorders, fever, pain and CNS problems
|
|
|
what does the body do to compensate for respiratory alkalosis
|
rarely occurs dur to aggressive treatment of hypoxemia
PcCo2 decreases and pH increases |
|
|
what causes metabolic acidosis?
|
ketoacidosis, lactic acid accumulation (shock), severe diarrhea, kidney disease
|
|
|
what does the body do to compensate for metabolic acidosis?
|
increased CO2 excretion by lungs (deep and rapid), Kidneys excrete acid
pH decreases and HCO3 decreases |
|
|
What causes Metabolic Alkalosis?
|
prolonged vomiting, loss of acids and gain of HCO3 (ingestion of baking soda)
|
|
|
what does the body do to compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
|
decreased respiratory rate to increase plasma CO2, renal excretion of HCO3 is increased, pH increases and HCO3 increases
|
|
|
What does ABG valuse provide info about?
|
acid-base status, underlying cause of imbalance, body's ability to regulate pH, and overall O2 status
|
