Acid Base

Front 1

Arterial Blood Gasses & Values
pH:
PaCO2:
HCO3:
PaO2:

Back 1

pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 - 45
HCO3: 22 - 26
PaO2: 80-95

Front 2

3 Acid Base Regulatory Mechanisms

Back 2

-Buffer System (bicarbonate, phosphate, intracellular and plasma proteins). Instant
-Respiratory System (CO2) Minutes - hours
-Renal System (HCO3) Hours - days, long-term maintenance.

Front 3

2 Compensatory Mechanisms

Back 3

Respiratory - CO2 from lungs affects carbonic acid concentrations.

Metabolic - HCO3 thru kidneys affects base bicarbonate concentrations.

Front 4

Respiratory Acidosis
Causes:
Symptoms:

Back 4

Hypoventilation r/t overdose, PNU, Pulm. edema, Cardiac arrest, Obesity, Advanced MS, Neuromuscular disease (Guillian Barre).

Low excitability, low BP, low CNS (coma), Hypoventilation
Acute: restlessness, confusion, apprehension, headache, vertigo

Hint 4

Low pH, Low symptoms

Front 5

Respiratory Alkalosis
Causes:
Symptoms:

Back 5

Hyperventilation, Anxiety, Hypoxia, Altitude, Fever, Pregnancy, Initial stage of pulmonary embolus, Over-ventilation, Resp. center alterations r/t septicemia, brain injury, encephalitis, shock

Anxiety, apprehension, Dizziness, H/A, fever, tingling, twitching, diaphoresis, dry mouth, blurred vision, palpitations

Front 6

Metabolic Acidosis
Causes:
Symptoms:

Back 6

ASA overdose, Ketoacidosis, Starvation, Diarrhea, Renal failure, Sepsis, Shock

Low excitability, Low CNS (coma), Low urine output, Low BP. Kussmaul breathing (compensating), Apathy, Weakness, Bradycardia, Stupor, twitching, convulsions, Fruity breath

Hint 6

Low pH, low symptoms

Front 7

Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes:
Symptoms:

Back 7

Vomiting, Antacid overuse, Decreased K+, GI suctioning, Diuretics

High excitability, Disorientation, Irritability, Tingling, Convulsions, Severe vomiting, Muscle weakness, flaccidity, Paralytic Ileus, Tachycardia, Arrhythmias, hTN (think low K+)

Hint 7

Think high excitability, Low K+ symptoms