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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the bicarbonate to carbonic ratoi?
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20:1
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What if the ratio is decreasded?
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It is acidosis
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What if the ratio is increased?
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It is alkolosis
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What is a normal ph of blood?
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7.35-7.45
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What represents the respiratory system?
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PCO2
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What is normal PCO2 range?
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35 to 45 mm Hg
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What does fully compensated mean?
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It means that ph is back to normal range.
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What does partially compensated mean?
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One level is high but the ph is not yet in the normal range.
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What are the actions of adsorbants?
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Thay are locally acting agents that bind with and innactivate irritants, toxins, and bacteria.
Ex Kaolin and Pectin or Kaopectate |
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What are the actions of systemic opiates?
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They slow intestinal motility decreasing peristalsis.
ex lomotil |
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What is a contraindication of antidiarrheals?
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Diarrhea caused by toxic material.
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What does pH stand for?
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Parts Hydrogen
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Bicarbonate Buffer System
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Body's primary Buffer System
Mainly responsible for buffering blood and interstitial fluid Kidneys assist the bicarbonate system by regulating the production of bicarb Lungs assist by regulating the production of carbonic acid. |
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Protein Buffer System
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Most important one is the intracellular fluid
Amine group can act as a base or acid As a base by picking up extra hydrogen to increase acidity |
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Phosphate Buffer Group
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Regulation of blood ph of blood by kidneys
Especially effective in renal tubes |
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What is the second line of defense against acid base imbalances?
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Respiratory system
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Compensation
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Occurs when the bodys ability to compensate is so effective that the ph falls within normal range.
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Respiratory ABG
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PaCO2 35 to 45 mm Hg
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Metabolic ABG
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HCO3 22 to 26 mEq/L
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Blood ph
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Below 7.35 is acidosis
Above 7.45 is alkalosis |
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What does high ph and low PaCO2 usually indicate?
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REspiratory origin
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What does low ph and high PaCO2 mean?
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Respiratory Acidosis
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If ph is high then bicarb should be high.
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Metabolic
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Low ph and low bicarb indicates what?
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metabolic acidosis
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CO2 indicates what?
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Respiratory
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HCO3 indicates what?
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Metabolic
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Compensation involves opposites.
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If metabolic acidosis, compensation will come in the form of respiatory alkalosis.
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Chemoreceptors in the brain sense ph change.
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Breath rate and depth changes to compensate.
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The respiatory system can maintain acid base balance twice as much as chemical buffers.
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It can handle twice the amount of acids and bases.
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Carbonic acid
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Is a weak acid
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Bicarb
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Is a weak base.
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Volatile is weak acid
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Carbonic acid
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Nonvolatile is fixed or strong acid.
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Hydrochloric Acid
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For ph to be normal range what is ratio?
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20 parts bicarb to 1 part acid.
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What allows for moment to moment regulators?
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Buffer Systems
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What buffer system uses carbonic acid and bicarbonate to counteract stronger acids or bases?
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Bicarbonate Buffer System
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What is the final regulator of acid base balance?
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Kidneys
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Base excess or deficit measures the level of what?
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All Buffer Systems
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What is the difference between Na+ and sum of measured anions (Cl and HCO3)?
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Anion Gap
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What is the normal level of Anoion Gap?
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8-12 mEq/L
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What if the anion gap if high?
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Think metabolic acid accumulation in the bloodstream.
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What is the prototype for antiflatulents?
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simethicone (Mylicon)
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What is intestinal flora modifier?
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lactobaccillus acidophilus
Yogurt (restores normal flora) |
