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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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pH indicates the number of
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Hydrogen Ions H+
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Normal range for pH
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7.35 - 7.45
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condition in which acid accumulates in the body
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Acidosis
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condition in which base substances accumulate in the body
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Alkalosis
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pH Up
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Alkalosis
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pH down
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acidosis
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1st step to blood gas interpretation
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look at pH and determin a/b status
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2nd step to blood gas interpretation
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look at respiratory component to see if the imbalance is due to a respiratory reason
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3rd step to blood gas interpretation
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look at metabolic component to determine if imbalance is due to a metabolic reason
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What is the normal ratio of base to acid?
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20:1
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Measures the pressure exerted by CO2 dissolved in the blood
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PCO2
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Respiratory component of blood gases
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PCO2
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PCO2 normal values
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35 - 45 mmHg
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Measures the amount of bicarbonate (base) in blood
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HCO3
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Metabolic component of blood gases
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HCO3
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HCO3 normal values
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22 - 26 mEq/L
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measures the patial pressure of O2 dissolved in blood
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PO2
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indicates the ability of the lungs to allow Oxygen to diffuse into bloodstream
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PO2
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Normal range of PO2
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80 - 100 mm Hg
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Percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated w/ oxygen
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O2 saturation
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each molecule of hemoglobin can carry how many molecules of oxygen?
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4
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Normal value for O2 saturation
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95 - 100%
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measures all the bases inteh blood that are available to help buffer
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Base Excess (BE)
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Normal value for base excess
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-2 to +2
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provides a more complete picture of body's ability to buffer
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Base Excess (BE)
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3 causes of respiratory acidosis
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1. primary lung function problem
2. changes in the lungs from secondary problems 3. condition that obstructs airway or depresses respiratory effort |
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what condition is caused by increases in CO2 in blood causing an increase in H+
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respiratory acidosis
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in what condition does K+ move out of cells so H+ move into cells creating high serum potassium levels
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Acidosis
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in what condition do cells release H+ into the blood and K+ move into cells from blood serum causing low K+ levels
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Alkalosis
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in what condition does CO2 increase and HCO3 decrease?
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Acidosis
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in what condition does CO2 decrease and HCO3 increase?
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Alkalosis
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if pH is abnormal and both CO2 and HCO3 are abnormal, what is the compensation level?
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partially compensated
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if pH is abnormal and either, but not both, CO2 or HCO3 is abnormal, what is the compensation level?
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Uncompensated
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if pH is normal and both CO2 and HCO3 is abnormal, what is compensation level?
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Compensated
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what are some possible reasons for metabolic acidosis? (handout from class)
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Diabetic ketoacidosis, shock, kidney failure
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what are some reasons for respiratory acidosis (handout from class)
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sedation, shock, severe pneumonia
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what are some reasons for metabolic alkalosis
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vomiting, fever, tachypnea
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what are some reasons for respiratory alkalosis?
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hyper ventilation, pain, anxiety
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If a person has
pH 7.24 PCO2 31 HCO3 18 what acid/base condition is it and what may have caused it? |
part. compensated metabolic acidosis; Diabetic ketoacidosis
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pH: 7.16
CO2: 64 HCO3: 28 |
partially compensated resp. acidosis; asthma
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pH: 7.52
CO2: 28 PCO3: 20 |
partially compensated respiratory alkalosis; hyperventilation or pain
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pH: 7.48
CO2: 40 PCO3: 32 |
partially compensated metabolic alkalosis; vomiting
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pH: 7.37
CO2:56 HCO3: 34 |
metabolic alkalosis, compensated; sedation
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