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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phospholipids |
composed of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, a phosphate group and a polar molecule |
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triacylglycerols |
An ester derived from glycerol and three fatty acids, these are highly concentrated stores of metabolic energy because they are reduced and anhydrous. The yield from the complete oxidation of fatty acids is about 9 kcal g-1 (38 kJ g-1), in contrast with about 4 kcal g-1 (17 kJ g-1) for carbohydrates and proteins. |
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Fatty Acids |
A carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. Most naturally occurring ones have a chain of an even number of carbon atoms, from 4 to 28.[1] Fatty acids are usually derived from triglycerides or phospholipids. |
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Starch |
It consists of two types of molecules: the linear and helical amylose and the branched amylopectin |
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Glycogen |
The linkages between glucose residues are of two types, a-1,4 and a-1,6:
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Sucrose |
the components glucose and fructose are linked via an ether bond between C1 on the glucosyl subunit and C2 on the fructosyl unit. The bond is called a glycosidic linkage. |
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Alanine |
α-amino acid with the chemical formula CH3CH(NH2)COOH. The L-isomer is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the genetic code. Its codons are GCU, GCC, GCA, and GCG. It is classified as a non-polar amino acid |
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Glucose |
C6H12O6, also known as D-glucose, dextrose, or grape sugar) is a simple aldosic monosaccharide found in plants. It is a monosaccharide that is absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion |
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Serine |
Structural Formula an amino acid with the formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons in the genetic code are UCU, UCC, UCA, UCG, AGU and AGC. By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid.
C3H7NO3 |
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Phenyl-alanine |
α-amino acid with the formula C6H5CH2CH(NH2)COOH. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar because of the hydrophobic nature of the benzyl side chain |
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Pyruvate |
the end product of gylcolysis. Glycolysis is the first step in all cellular respiration and this stands at the junction between anaerobic and aerobic pathways. It is the anion of pyruvic acid. In anaerobic respiration, it is used as the starting point for fermentation, yielding either ethanol or lactate. For aerobic respiration, it is transported to the mitochondria to be used in the TCA cycle. |
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Leucine and iso-leucine |
a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH2CH(CH3)2. It is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid due to its aliphatic isobutyl side chain |
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Acetate or acetyl-CoA |
The structure consists of two parts. 1. Acetyl group * Pantothenic acid (not synthesized in man -- an essential nutrient) * Phosphate * 3', 5'-adenosine diphosphate |
