Ace Scientists

Front 1

measures the earth's circumference (240 BC)

Back 1

Eratosthenes

Front 2

uses a telescope to observe that the moons of Jupiter appear to circle Jupiter. This evidence supports the heliocentric model, and weakens the geocentric
model of the cosmos (1609)

Back 2

Galileo

Front 3

author of the Skeptical Chemist, uses an air pump to determine the inverserelationship between the pressure and volume of a gas. This relationship came to be known as Namesake Law (1660-1662).

Back 3

Boyle

Front 4

using a microscope, observes cells, which he describes in his book
Micrographia (1665)

Back 4

Robert Hooke,

Front 5

the “Father of Microbiology” discovers microorganisms,
which he originally named “animalcules” (1674-1676)

Back 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek,

Front 6

makes the first quantitative estimate of the speed of light by timing the
motions of Jupiter's satellite Io with a telescope (1676)

Back 6

Ole Rømer

Front 7

suspends a bowl of water above a beer vat at a brewery and synthesizes carbonated water. Priestley is better known for discovering dephlogisticated air
(oxygen) (1767).

Back 7

Joseph Priestley

Front 8

determines that oxygen combines with materials upon combustion,
thus disproving phlogiston theory (1783).

Back 8

Antoine Lavoisier

Front 9

determines that chemical reactions in a closed container do not alter
total mass. From these observations he establishes the law of conservation of mass
(1789).

Back 9

Antoine Lavoisier

Front 10

tests his hypothesis for the protective action of mild cowpox infection for
smallpox, the first vaccine (1796)

Back 10

Edward Jenner

Front 11

uses a torsion bar experiment to measure the density of the earth.
Cavendish is also known as the discoverer of hydrogen. (1798)

Back 11

Henry Cavendish

Front 12

uses the double-slit experiment to demonstrate the wave-particle
duality of light. (1801)

Back 12

Humphry Davy

Front 13

studies reactions among gases and determines that their
volumes combine chemically in simple integer ratios (1809).

Back 13

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

Front 14

discovers the connection of electricity and magnetism by experiments involving a compass and electric circuits. This is later termed
electromagnetism (1820)

Back 14

Hans Christian Ørsted

Front 15

studies very small pollen particles in water under the microscope and
observes Brownian motion which was later named in his honor (1827).

Back 15

Robert Brown

Front 16

synthesizes the organic compound urea using inorganic reactants,
disproving the application of vitalism to chemical processes (1828).

Back 16

Friedrich Wöhler

Front 17

measures the rates of effusion for different gases and establishes
Graham's law of effusion and diffusion (1833).

Back 17

Thomas Graham

Front 18

arranges to have trumpets played from a passing train. The ground observed pitch was higher than that played when the train was approaching then lower than that played as the train passed and moved away, demonstrating the Doppler Effect
(1845)

Back 18

Christian Doppler

Front 19

namesake pendulum is first exhibited. It demonstrates the
Coriolis effect and the rotation of the Earth (1851)

Back 19

Léon Foucault

Front 20

experiments with the garden pea led him to surmise many of the
fundamental laws of genetics (dominant vs recessive genes, the 1-2-1 ratio, etc). His work is best summarized with the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment (1856-1863)

Back 20

Gregor Mendel

Front 21

uses S-shaped flasks to prevent spores from contaminating broth,
disproving the theory of Spontaneous Generation (also known as abiogenesis). This
experiment was an extension of the rancid meat experiment of Francesco Redi. (1861)

Back 21

Louis Pasteur

Front 22

discovers a voltage across a conductor with a transverse applied magnetic field, the namesake Effect (1879)

Back 22

Edwin Hall

Front 23

inoculates Joseph Meister after the nine year old was bitten by a rabid dog. This is the first successful vaccine against rabies. (1885)

Back 23

Louis Pasteur

Front 24

experiment exposes weaknesses in the then-accepted theory of
luminiferous ether. (1887)

Back 24

Michelson-Morley

Front 25

determines the impact of temperature on reaction rates and formulates
the concept of activation energy. (1889)

Back 25

Svante Arrhenius

Front 26

isolate the noble gases (1894-1898).

Back 26

William Ramsay and Lord Rayleigh

Front 27

discover radioactivity and describe its
properties. (1896)

Back 27

Henri Becquerel, Marie Curie, and Pierre Curie

Front 28

cathode ray tube experiments (discovers the electron and its
negative charge) (1897)

Back 28

Joseph John Thomson

Front 29

oil-drop experiment, suggests that electric charge occurs as quanta
(whole units), (1909)

Back 29

Robert Millikan

Front 30

demonstrates superconductivity (1911)

Back 30

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes

Front 31

gold foil experiment demonstrates that the positive charge and mass of an atom is concentrated in a small, central atomic nucleus, disproving the then popular plum pudding model of the atom (1911)

Back 31

Ernest Rutherford's

Front 32

creates and isolates five transuranium elements. He reorganizes the periodic table to its current form. (1941-1950).

Back 32

Glenn Theodore Seaborg

Front 33

isolates penicillin from bread mold, winning him the Nobel Prize for
Medicine (1944)

Back 33

Alexander Fleming

Front 34

breeds maize plants for color, which leads to the discovery of
transposons or jumping genes. (1944)

Back 34

Barbara McClintock

Front 35

fabricate the first working
transistor at Bell Labs(1947)

Back 35

John Bardeen, William Shockley, and Walter Brattain

Front 36

delineate the path of carbon in photosynthesis using Chlorella and carbon dioxide labeled with carbon-14, winning the 1961 Nobel Prize in Medicine. (1961)

Back 36

Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson

Front 37

detect the cosmic microwave background radiation, giving support to the theory of the Big Bang (1964)

Back 37

Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson