Ace Pt Ch. 15-16

Front 1

Muscle __________ are injuries in which the muscle works beyonds its capacity, resulting in microscopic tears of the muscle fibers.

Back 1

strains

Front 2

What muscle has the highest frequency of strains in the body?

Back 2

hamstrings

Front 3

What are the risk factors for muscle strains?

Back 3

poor flexibility
poor posture
muscle imbalance
improper warm-up
training errors

Front 4

What are the most common joints for ligament sprains?

Back 4

ankle
knee thumb/finger
shoulder

Front 5

What are the most common sports related injuries of the knee?

Back 5

ACL

Front 6

What is the ACLs primary role?

Back 6

to prevent anterior glide of the tibia away from the femur.

Front 7

What is the primary role of the MCL ligament?

Back 7

prevent medial bending on the knee

Front 8

Overuse injuries
Tendinities is commonly diagnosed where?

Back 8

shoulder, elbows, knees and ankles

Front 9

Bursitis commonly affects what?

Back 9

shoulders, hips and knees

Front 10

Where does fasciitis occur?

Back 10

bottom and back of the foot

Front 11

Cartilage Damage
Most commonly reported knee injury is damage to what?

Back 11

menisci

Front 12

Meniscal injuries usually occur from what?

Back 12

trauma or degeneration

Front 13

_______________ is a softening or wearing away of the cartilage behind the patella, resulting in inflammation and pain.

Back 13

Chondromalacia

Front 14

Stess fractures can be confused with what?

Back 14

shin splints

Front 15

What are the signs and symptoms of stress fractures?

Back 15

Progressive pain tha tis worse with weightbearing activity.
Focal pain
Pain at rest in some cases
Local swelling

Front 16

What are fractures associated with disease called?

Back 16

pathological fractures

Front 17

What are the 3 phases for tissue healing?

Back 17

1st inflammatory phase
2nd fibroblastic/proliferation phase
3rd maturation/remodeling phase

Front 18

What are the signs and symptoms of tissue inflammation?

Back 18

Pain
Redness
Swelling
Warmth
Loss of Function

Front 19

P.R.I.C.E acronym

Back 19

P-Protection
R-Rest or restricted activity
I-Ice 10 to 20 minutues
C-Compression
E-Elevation 6-10 inches above heart

Front 20

What are the 2 rotator cuff injuries?

Back 20

acute and chronic

Front 21

What are the two most common elbow injuries?

Back 21

lateral and medial epicondylitis

Front 22

With carpel tunnel syndrome, the client should avoid what movements?

Back 22

involve full wrist flexion or extension

Front 23

What motions of the wrist should people with carpel tunnel focus on?

Back 23

mid-range motions

Front 24

What are the most frequently cited causes of mechanical back pain?

Back 24

degenerative disc disease and sciatica

Front 25

Maximum heart rate declines with age, T or F

Back 25

True

Front 26

In regards to pregnancy, as the fetus grows and weight gain occurs, what happens to the center of gravity?

Back 26

Moves upward and out

Front 27

Why are pregnant women discouraged from exercising at high intensity?

Back 27

Cardiac reserve is reduced

Front 28

It is critical that the pregnant exerciser be aware of what prior to exercise?

Back 28

ambient temperature

Front 29

Pregnant women with what conditions should not exercise?

Back 29

Risk factors for pre-term labor
Vaginal bleeding
Premature rupture of membranes

Front 30

For pregnant women, what should be used rather than heart rate?

Back 30

RPE

Front 31

What are some activities that should be avoided by the pregnant exerciser?

Back 31

jumping, hopping, skipping, bouncing, or running.
contact sports
bouncing while stretching

Front 32

For the pregnant exerciser, what body temp should not be exceeded?

Back 32

100% should be taken immediaely after exercise

Front 33

What bodypart has the highest frequency of strains?

Back 33

hamstrings

Front 34

What are some risk factors for strain hamstring?

Back 34

poor flexibility
poor posture
muscle imbalance
improper warm-up
training errors

Front 35

What are the most common joints for sprains?

Back 35

ankle
knee
thumb/finger
shoulder

Front 36

What is the ACLs primary role?

Back 36

to prevent anterior glide of the tibia away from the femur.

Front 37

What is commonly injured at the same time as the ACL?

Back 37

MCL

Front 38

What is the primary role of the MCL ligament?

Back 38

prevent medial bending on the knee

Front 39

Overuse injuries:
Tendinitis is commonly diagnosed where?

Back 39

shoulders, elbows, knees and ankles

Front 40

Overuse injuires
Bursitis affects what?

Back 40

shoulders, hips and knees

Front 41

Fasciitis is what?

Back 41

inflammation of the connective tissue called fascia

Front 42

Fasciitis occurs where?

Back 42

bottom and back of the foot

Front 43

The most commonly reported knee injury is damage to what?

Back 43

menisci

Front 44

Meniscal injuries predominantly occur from?

Back 44

trauma or degeneration

Front 45

The cartilage under the patella (knee cap) can also become damaged, resulting in __________________

Back 45

chondromalacia

Front 46

What is chondromalacia?

Back 46

Chondromalacia is a softening or wearing away of the cartilage behind the patella, resulting in inflammation and pain.

Front 47

It is important not to confuse stress fractures with ______ _________

Back 47

shin splints

Front 48

What are the specific signs and symptoms of stress fractures?

Back 48

Progressive pain that is worse with weightbearing activity.
Focal pain
Pain at rest in some cases
Local Swelling

Front 49

Fractures associated with infection, cancer, or osteoporosis are called what?

Back 49

pathological fractures

Front 50

How long does the first phase of tissue healing last?
What is it called

Back 50

6 days depending on the severity of the injury
Inflammatory phase

Front 51

The second phase of tissue healing is called what, and how long does it last?

Back 51

fibroblastic/proliferation phase
begins about day 3 and lasts to day 21

Front 52

The third phase of tissue healing is called what, and how long does it last?

Back 52

maturation/remodeling phase
begins about day 21 and lasts up to 2 years

Front 53

What are they signs and symptoms of tissue inflammation?

Back 53

Pain
Redness
Swelling
Warmth
Loss of function

Front 54

Can a trainer train a client who has a local injury like an ankle sprain?

Back 54

Yes, they can train the non-injured parts of the body

Front 55

What are the relative contraindications of stretching?

Back 55

- Pain in the affected area
- Restrictions from the client's doctor
- Prolonged immobilization of muscles and connective tissue
- Joint swelling from trauma or disease
- Presence of osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis

Front 56

What are the absolute contraindications of stretching?

Back 56

- A fracture site that is healing
- Acute soft-tissue injury
- Post-surgical conditions
- Joint hypermobility
- An area of infection

Front 57

What can be done to restore proper scapulohumeral motion?

Back 57

strengthening the scapular stabalizers and rotator cuff msucles.

Front 58

What are the scapular stabilizers?

Back 58

rhomboids, middle trapezius, serratus anterior

Front 59

Conservative management of common muscularskeletal injuries are what?

Back 59

- avoiding aggravating activities or movements
- physical therapy
- modalities (ice,heat)
- Oral anti-inflammatory medicaton
- Cortisone injections

Front 60

What are the two main categories of rotator cuff injuries?

Back 60

acute and chronic

Front 61

What is a sign/symptom of a rotator cuff tear?

Back 61

client will have a feeling of a tearing sensation, and will typically have trouble lifting his or her arm above head.

Front 62

Regarding exercises for clients with rotator cuff injuries, what programing can be done to create less torgue on the healing muscles.

Back 62

exercises with bent elbows

Front 63

An inflammation of the wrist estensors near their origin is commonly referred to as __________ __________?

Back 63

Tennis Elbow

Front 64

Which nerve is commonly compressed due to carpal tunnel syndrome?

Back 64

Median nerve

Front 65

Clients returning to exercise following greater trochanteric bursitis should generally avoid?

Back 65

Side-lying exercise positions that compress the lateral hip.

Front 66

Which muscle is most likely weak for IT Band Syndrome?

Back 66

Hip Abductors

Front 67

Tightness in which structure can be a cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome due to its lateral fascial connections to the patella?

Back 67

IT Band Complex

Front 68

What exercise is good for a client recovering from Achilles tendinitis?

Back 68

Eccentric stretching for the calf complex through controlled dorsiflexion against gravity and stretching the calf muscles.

Front 69

What should be streched for a client recovering from plantar fascitiis?

Back 69

Gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantar fascia

Front 70

What are the types of stress fractures?

Back 70

Longitudinal
Oblique
Transverse
Compression

Front 71

What is Greater Trochanteric Bursitis?

Back 71

painful inflammation of the greater trochanteric bursa between the greater trochanteric bursa between the greater trochanter of the femur and the gluteus medius tendon/preoximal IT band complex

Front 72

What is important to do for exercise programming for Trochanteric Bursitis?

Back 72

Strengthening the gluteals and deeper hip rotoator muscles.

Front 73

What muscle group should be targeted to strengthen to prevent re-injury of ankle sprains?

Back 73

peroneal muscle group.