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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long was the Classical period? (dates)
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1780-1827
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Who did Mozart dedicate a set of string quartets to?
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Joseph Haydn
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True/False: Mozart had great difficulties writing string quartets.
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True.
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What is chamber music?
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Music with one player per part.
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What's continuo?
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Part in a baroque Chamber work that is entirely supportive, providing bass line and harmonies. It was usually the cello or harpsichord.
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What were some major changes in Classical string quartets?
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Included more polyphony, melodies in the form of dialogue, conversational texture (aka Classical counterpoint--distinction between melody and accompaniment flexible).
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Which had a greater range of colors, symphonic writing or chamber music?
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Symphonic.
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What was considered the "composer's genre" of the 18th century?
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String quartet.
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True or False: Haydn's string quartets were rarely eccentric.
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False. They were noted and sometimes condemned for their eccentricity.
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Define presto.
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The fast movement of a piece (or just "fast")
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What is the rondo?
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Refrain form that was often used in the last movement of a multi-movement work to keep it satisfying and not heavy.
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What's a ripieno concerto?
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A concert in which the entire orchestra can take on a solo role; a precursor to the symphony.
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About how many different symphonic works were written in the 18th century?
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Over 13,000.
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What's an oratorio?
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non-staged, extended work for chorus, soloists, adn orchestra based on a biblical topic, usually didactic.
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What are the two aesthetic modes?
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The beautiful and the sublime
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What does the beautiful emphasize?
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Order, proportion, and gentler emotions.
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What does the sublime emphasize?
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Grand and collossal, things outside of reason.
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How does Haydn's "The Creation" invoke the religious sublime?
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"And there was Light"--powerful expression from piano to forte
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What is the name of the overture that begins "The Creation?"
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"The Representation of Chaos"
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Which later composer imitated Hadyn's move from the minor to the major as a triumph over adversity?
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Beethoven (and other later Beethoven followers)
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What's the German for conoisseur, and what is the definition as related to music?
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Kenner--well educated, appreciated the complexities and technicalites of a piece
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What's German for "amateur", and what's the definition?
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Liebhaber--devoted to art but not talented, sensitive, or educated enough to be a connoisseur
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Which of the two categories was the string quartet written for? the symphony? the piano concerto?
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Kenner, Liebhaber, both
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Which composer was known for his piano concertos?
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Mozart
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Define cadenza
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a passage during which the orchestra drops out and the soloist improvises, found mostly in the concerto
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Define ritornello
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thematic passage played by the orchestra
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When do ritornellos appear in the classical concerto?
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At the beginning (exposition), at the conclusion of the exposition, sometimes to begin the recapitulation, at the end of the recapitulation.
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What type of opera is Don Giovanni?
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opera buffa
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What is recitative?
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Conveys action, almost like speech, simple musically
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Why did Mozart prefer opera buffa to opera seria?
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It was more flexible, and raised music to the level of dramatic action
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The scene in "A taci" may be a tribute to what form of entertainment?
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a puppet play
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Who are the characters in "A taci"
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Don Giovanni, Donna Elvira, Leporello
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What is Singspiel?
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German for a play with singing
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Why did Singspiel have trouble early on?
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It was hard to commission new works, little support from the aristocracy
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How was Singspiel different from opera buffa?
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S used spoken dialogue, naive, greater stylistic variety
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Who wrote the libretto for the Magic Flute?
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Emanuel Schikaneder
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What are some examples of Masonic influence in The Magic Flute?
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three: boys, ladies, E flat (3 flats), three trombones, chords beginning
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When did Beethoven become aware of increasing deafness?
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1798
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What is the name of Beethoven's middle period, and what symphony did it take the name from?
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heroic period, Eroica
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What is a scherzo?
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movement, usually in triple meter, that genrally comes 3rd in a 4 movement work ("joke")
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Why was the Romantic period different from the others before it?
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Unlike in earlier times, the Romantics did not abandon or deny the musical past, but tried to reinterpret it.
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Who wrote "Beethoven's Tenth?"
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Brahms
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What are some types of Romantic pieces?
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caprices, bagatelles, intermezzos, impromptus
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How is dissonance treated in Romantic pieces?
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For emotional impact rather than something to be resolved over the piece
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What ideal did the Romantics strive for?
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personal and subjective view of art
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Who said "Reason errs, feeling does not."?
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Schumann
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When did the baroque period take place?
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1600-1750
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When was the classical period? `
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1750-1820
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When was the Romantic period?
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1820-1920
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When was the modern period?
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1900-present
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Who are some impressionistic composers?
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Debussy and Ravel
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What are important concepts of Classical music?
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balance, proportion, and symmetry
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Who is the singer in "Voi Che Sapete?"
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Cherubino
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what is the term for a male part written for a female voice?
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trousers or pants role
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define strophic
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uses the same music for each verse
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What style united the music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven?
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Viennese Classical
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Which style/region had supremacy during the Classical period?
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Italian opera
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When did Bach die?
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1750
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When was Bach's music revived?
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1829
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Who was responsible for the revival of Bach's music?
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Mendelssohn (he performed St. Matthew's Passion)
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How does the baroque handle rhythm?
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"spinning out", continuity, motoric
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What is the texture of Baroque music
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polyphony
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What is a fugue?
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usually polyphonic baroque work based on a single theme that runs through the whole thing
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What is galant?
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A music form in opposition to the baroque, emphasized gracefulness, variety, and ease
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What is the Empfindsamer Stil?
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"sensitive style", romantic view of art, intimacy
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what is "redendes Prinzip"
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German "speaking principle", sense of impassioned speeche, free treatment of rhythm, homophony, ES
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Who is the singer in "Son imbrogliato," and who is he falling in love with?
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Uberto, Serpina
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How does "Son imbrogliato" represent opera buffa?
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bass voice, rapid pace, discrete phrases, changes in mood
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what are the sections of sonata form?
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exposition, development, recapitulation, (optional coda)
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What subsections are present in a sonata's exposition?
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presentation of theme, transition to new key, establishment of new key in secondary theme, close in new key
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What does the sonata form rely on?
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resolution of dissonance
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What was the "Sturm und Drang?"
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"storm and stress", sought to move in passionate, anti-rational ways
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What were some aspects of Sturm und Drang?
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symphony, minor, dynamics, polyphony
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Which composer went through a Sturm und Drang phase?
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Haydn
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