Acdec: Art Basic

Front 1

elements of art

Back 1

basic visual components of any artwork: line, shape, form, space, color, texture

Front 2

sensory properties

Back 2

another name for elements of art--percieved through the senses

Front 3

line

Back 3

most basic element, path of a point moving through space

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implied line

Back 4

line that uses interrupted dots or lines that the eye connects to create a line

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horizontal lines (what do they create)

Back 5

feeling of stability, peace

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vertical lines (create)

Back 6

stability, upward motion

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jagged lines (create)

Back 7

activity or chaos

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shape

Back 8

what defines the 2d area of an object

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form

Back 9

three-d object, like shape

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freeform

Back 10

irregular shape

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organic

Back 11

another name for freeform--expresses movement and rhythm

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space

Back 12

organization of objects and the areas around them

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positive space

Back 13

occupied by objects, shapes or forms (the figure)

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negative space

Back 14

area around the objects, shapes, or forms; aka ground

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high relief

Back 15

projects from the surface boldlu

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perspective

Back 16

illusion of depth

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contours

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visible borders of an object

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aerial perspective

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aka atmospheric, takes into acct the ways that particles in the air change appearances of things far away (less color)

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linear perspective

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developed in Renaissance, as lines recede into distance, converge and eventually vanish at pt on the horizon

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hue

Back 20

the name of the color

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primary colors

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three--red, blue, yellow

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color wheel

Back 22

invented in 18th century by Sir Isaac Newton

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value

Back 23

lightness or darkness of a color or gray

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tint

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lighter hue made by adding white

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shade

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darker hue made by adding black

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neutrals

Back 26

black and white, not hues

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intensity

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brightness or purity of a color

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complementary colors

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opposite hues on color wheel, intense contrast

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monochromatic

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use only one hue--harmonious, calm, subtle

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analogous colors

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next to each other on color wheel, harmonious effect

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triadic colors

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combo of three primaries, three secondaries, or three tertiaries, lively

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warm colors

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roy, seem to advance

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cool colors

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gbv, seem to recede

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local color

Back 34

true color of object or area as seen in normal daylight irrespective of effects of distance or reflections from other objects

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optical color

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effect of lighting on color

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arbitrary color

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colors chosen for emotional or aesthetic impact

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texture

Back 37

how things would feel if touched

Front 38

visual texture

Back 38

illusion of textured surface, patterened lines, contrasting light and dark for rough

Front 39

principles of composition

Back 39

means that artists use to organize the elements of art in a composition: rhythm, movement, balance, pattern, contrast, emphasis, variety, proportion, and unity: formal properties

Front 40

rhythm

Back 40

movement or pattern, created through repetition

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alternating rhythm

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two or more motifs used alternately

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motif

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single element of a pattern

Front 43

symmetrical balance

Back 43

elements of composition repeated on both sides of the central axis, stable, formal, architecture

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approximate symmetry

Back 44

shapes and objects slightly varied on either side of central axis

Front 45

asymmetrical balance

Back 45

visual balance achieved through organization of unlike objects, complex, position of objects, detail, and texture used

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focal point

Back 46

point where the eye rests

Front 47

proportion

Back 47

size relationships in a composition

Front 48

scale

Back 48

dimensional relation of the parts of a work to the whole or overall size of artwork

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When were the standards for human proportion established?

Back 49

2500 years ago in Greek classical period

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What was the height of the human figure initially determined to be

Back 50

7.5 heads high

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golden mean

Back 51

ratio between two dimensions of a figure so that the smaller is to the larger as the larger is to the sum of the to (3:5, about)

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unity

Back 52

overall harmony or congruity

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proximity

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placement of separate objects close together or in groups

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hatching

Back 54

technique used in drawing, lines placed side by side

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crosshatching

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criscrossed lines to create shading

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stippling

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different values using pattern of dots

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pigments

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finely ground materiaals used to make paint color

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binder

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holds grains of pigment together and allows paint to adhere to surface (egg yolks, oil, wax)

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solvent

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used to thin or thicken paint and change its drying time (oil or water)

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fresco

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painting technique in which aretist mixes pure pigments with water and applies them to a plaster ground (buon=wet, secco=dry)

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when were oil paints widely used

Back 61

1400s

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what is tempera and what are its drawbacks

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water-based paint, narrow tonal range, must be used fast

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glazes

Back 63

thin transparent layers applied over another color to alter it slightly

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impasto

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oil pt applied thickly or in heavy lumps

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when was the pt tube invented and what was its impact

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late 19th century, artust painted outside, impressionism, mixing

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encaustic

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wax-based pt used in ancient Egypt, fused with hot irons

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gouache

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water-besed, like tempera but better quality

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watercolor

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transparent, light to dark, not forgiving of mistakes

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relief printmaking

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artist cuts away parts from plate, and the remaining parts will print the image

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brayer

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ink roller

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burnisher

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tool used in printmaking to force ink onto paper

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intaglio

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lines incized, ink laid into the lines then forced out to make image

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engraving

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cutting lines into the surface of the plate

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etching

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design incised in wax, then put in acid that etches the exposed metal, the ink transfers

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lithography

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image drawn with wax on plate, saturated with water, ink then ony sticks to wax and is pressed

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screen printing

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photograph is transferred to fabric stetched on a frame, ink forced through screen

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collage

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mixed media type

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slip

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liquid clay

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throwin

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pots created on a wheel

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kiln

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oven for baking clay

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lost wax-casting

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cire perdue, original form made from wax, encased in plaster, molten metal poured in then finished with tools

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fibers

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both woven and non-woven materials

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soft sculpture

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sculpture made from fibers and stuffed

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when was glass first made

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3rd millenium BC

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architecture

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art and science of designing and constructing buildings

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post-and-lintel

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long beam placed horizontally across posts (parthenon)

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who developed concrete

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Romans