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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anxiety has a negative effect on accuracy |
Negative effect on memory and performance. Automatic skills not affected by stress/physiological arousal, performance on complicated cognitive tasks reduced by stress. |
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Johnson and Scott (1976) : procedure |
Sit in waiting room - heard argument. Saw man holding pen covered in grease/knife covered in blood. Asked to identify man from photos. |
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Johnson and Scott (1976) : findings |
49% accuracy in pen condition, 33% accuracy in knife condition. |
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Anxiety has a positive effect on accuracy |
Evolutionary argument - adaptive to remember events that are emotionally important. |
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Evaluation - Weapon focus may not be caused by anxiety |
Pickel (1998) - surprise not anxiety. Participants watched thief enter hairdressing salon with scissors, handgun, wallet, raw chicken. Identification less accurate in high surprise conditions. Weapon focus effect related to surprise not anxiety. |
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Evaluation - Real life versus lab studies |
Christianson and Hubinette - context of real crime Lab studies don't create real levels of anxiety. Deffenbacher et al (2004) -reviewed 34 studies - lab studies, anxiety leads to reduced accuracy. Real-life studies, greater loss of accuracy. |
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Evaluation - individual differences |
Key extraneous variable - emotional sensitivity. Bothwell et al (1987) - participants assessed for neuroticism. Stable participants showed rising levels of accuracy as stress increased - opposite for neurotics. |
