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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Stored program
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a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memory
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Computer
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Device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output
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Mainframe computer
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Processes data for hundreds of thousands of users
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Supercomputer
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One of the fastest computers in the world
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Server
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supplies client computers with data
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computer system
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refers to a computer and all the devices that are connected to it
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Peripheral devices
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enhance the functionality of a computer
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Data becomes information
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when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use
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file
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is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium
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Application software
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Set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task
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System software
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Helps the computer system monitor itself and function efficiently
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Most popular computer platforms
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PC & Mac
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Internet
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is a collection of linked computer networks
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Internet backbone
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Main communication routes
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ISP
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Internet Service Provider
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World Wide Web
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Collection of files that can be linked and accessed using HTTP
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HTML tags
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tell the browser how to display information on the Web page
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Browsers
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fetch and display Web pages
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query
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describes the information you want to find
Keywords & Search Operators |
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Three types of e-mail systems widely used today:
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POP
IMAP Web-based e-mail |
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A POP server
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is a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk
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Numeric data
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Binary number system
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Character data
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ASCII, Extended ASCII, and Unicode
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Digitizing
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is the process of converting analog data into digital format
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File headers
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contain information about the code used to represent file data
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Bits
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take the form of electrical pulses that can travel over circuits
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An integrated circuit (computer chip
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is a super-thin slice of semiconducting material
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The computer’s main circuit board is called the
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system board, or motherboard
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microprocessor
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is an integrated circuit designed to process instructions
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Benchmark tests
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gauge the overall speed of a microprocessor
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Random Access Memory
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is a temporary holding area for data
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File System
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keeps track of the names & locations of files
NTFS- FAT32- |
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NTFS
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Master File Table
(newer) |
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FAT32
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File Allocation Table
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Token Ring Technology
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2nd most popular
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Personal computers typically feature (RAM)
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between 128 MB and 2 GB of RAM
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RAM speed
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SD and RD (fastest)
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The ROM BIOS
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tells the computer how to access to hard disk, find the operating system, and load it into RAM
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CMOS Memory
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requires very little power to hold data
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Magnetic storage
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stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface
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Optical storage
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stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface
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Solid state storage technology
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stores data in a low-power chip
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CMOS Memory
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requires very little power to hold data
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Magnetic storage
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stores data by magnetizing microscopic particles on the disk or tape surface
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Optical storage
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stores data as microscopic light and dark spots on the disk surface
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Solid state storage technology
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stores data in a low-power chip
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Blu-Ray DVDs
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Largest- 25 GB of Data Storage
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A CRT
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display device uses a bulky glass tube
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Plasma screen
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technology illuminates lights arranged in a panel-like screen
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An LCD
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manipulates light within a layer of liquid crystal cells
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Graphics circuitry
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generates the signals for displaying an image on the screen
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ink jet/laser printers
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ink jets spray ink and laser printers work like photocopiers
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Dot matrix printers
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produce characters and graphics by using a grid of fine wires
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Expansion cards
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are small circuit boards that give the computer additional capabilities
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An expansion port
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passes data in and out of a computer or peripheral device
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Multitasking –
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allowing two or more programs to be in memory
at same time |
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Multithreading
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– allows parts of one
or more programs to run at same time – |
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Multiprocessing
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able to process two or more programs at same time
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The bootstrap program
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is stored in ROM and supplies the instructions to load the OS when the system “boots” up
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The kernel
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provides the most essential operating system services and stays in RAM always until computer is shut down
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Mail merge
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automatically creates personalized letters
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A query language such as SQL (Structured Query Language)
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provides a set of commands for locating and manipulating data
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Software Suites
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Software sold in packages
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Vertical market software
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is designed to automate specialized tasks in a specific market or business
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Horizontal market software
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is generic software that just about any type of business can use
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(end-user license agreement)
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EULA
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Bandwidth
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The capacity of a network for carrying data
Broadband /Narrowband |
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PAN
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Personal Area Network
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NAN
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Neighborhood Area Network
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LAN
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Local Area Network
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MAN
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Metropolitan Area Network
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WAN
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Wide Area Network
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GAN
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Global Area Network
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Client/Server
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Server is the most important resource
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Workstation
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peer-to-peer every comp. is an equal resource
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Physical Topology
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arrangements of a device in a network
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Node
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each connection point on a network
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Bridge
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connects 2 similar networks
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Gateway
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joins 2 dissimilar networks
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Router
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looks at IP addresses & decides where info. will be sent
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CAT 5
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twisted pair cable- wired network
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Fiber Optic Cable
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uses mini lasers to flash light through tubes
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Digital Channel Signals
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stepped wave- zeros and ones
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analog signal
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smooth wave
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High- band width
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broadband
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Low Bandwidth
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narrowband
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Packet
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a piece of data sent accross a computer network
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VOIP
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allows telephone calls & programs like games to run on same line
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LAN
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standardized by IEEE
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Ethernet
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most popular- 10Mbps- 10Gbps
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Networks
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Wi-Fi Wireless
Lan Ethernet Home PNL/PLC |
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FDDI
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Fiberoptics
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Collision
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2 data systems try to send data at same time
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Nubs
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link workstations w/ cables
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WEP
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encrypts data traveling over wireless networks
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bluetooth
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short-range wirless technology- 30 ft.
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Home PNA
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utilize existing phone wiring
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Home PLC
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transmit data over power lines
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Ping
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find out whether a site is up and running
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Traceroute
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utility records a pocket's path
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TCP/IP
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primary protocols response for message transmission
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HTTP
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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IP
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address identify comps. on the internet
Static/ dynamic |
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Static
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permenantly assigned & unique
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Dynamic
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temporarily assigned by IP
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Domain Names
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names for internet servers have certain extensions
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ICANN
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controls Internet Names
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ex. of Domain Names
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.biz, com, edu, gov, info, int, mil, net, org
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POTS
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transports data between computer & ISP
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Modem
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Converts digital signals to analog signals
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