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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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System
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A set of interdependent elements that together accomplish specific objectives
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Subsystem
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A part of a System; these parts are interrelated or integrated as a single
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Information System/ Management Info System
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A man-made system that generally consists of an integrated set of computer-based components and manual components establishe to collect,store and manage data and to provide output
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Accounting Info Systems
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a specialize subsystem of the info System that collects, processes, and reports information related to the financial aspects of business events1
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Operations Process
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A man-made system consisting of the people, equipment, organizations, policies, and procedures, who's objective is to accomoplish the work of the organization1
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management process
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A man made system consisting of people, authority, organization, policies and procedures who's objective is to plan and control the ooperations of the organization1
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Information
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Data presented in a form that is useful in a decision-making activity1
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Data
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Facts or Figures in raw form. Data represent the measurements or observations of objects and events1
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Understandability
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The information quality that enables the users to perveive the infos signifigance1
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Relevance
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a quality when info is capable of making a difference in a decision-making situation by reducing uncertainty or increasing knowledge for that particular decision1
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Timeliness
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Info available to a decision maker before it loses its capacity to influence a decision1
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Predictive Value
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An Information quality that improves a decision maker's capacity to predict, confirm, or correct earlier expectation1
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Verifiability
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That the selected method of measurement has been used without errror or bias1
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Neutrality
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The quality of being not biased. bias is the tendence of info to fall on one side of the line1
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Comparability
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The info quality that enables users to identify similarities and differences within two pieces of info1
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Consistent
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Info that is the same, when compared from the same object or even collected at two points in time1
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Validity
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An info quality concerning the inclusion of actual events and actual objects1
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Completeness
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the degree to which info necessary to make a decision includes data about every relevant object or event1
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Matrix
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A tool designed to help analyze the situation and relate processes to desired results1
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Decision Making
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The process of making choices; the central activity of management1
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Structured Decisions
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Decisions for which all three decision phases are relatively routine1
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three decision phases
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intelligence, design, choice1
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Unstructured Decisions
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A situation for which none of the three phases are routine or repetitive1
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Enterprise Database
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The central repository for all the data related to an organizations business activities and resources1
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Effectiveness
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Extent to which actual performance compares with targeted performance1
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Efficiency
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Cost of Inputs for each unit of output nproduction1
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Confidentiality
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the nondisclosure of certain information except to another authorized person1
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Reliability of Info
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Probability that a product or process will perform satisfactorily over a period of time under specified operating conditions1
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Enterprise Systems
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Integrate the business process and information from all of an organizations functional areas, such as marketing and sales, cash receipt, purchasing, cash disbursemnts, human resources, production and logistics, and business reporting2
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Enterprise Resource Planning
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Software packages used for the core systems necessary to support enterprise systems
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Customer Self Service Software
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Software that allows an organizations customer to complete an inquiry perform a task or troubleshoot problems wihtout aid of an organizations employees. extension of CRM software2
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Sales Force Automation Software
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Software that automates sales tasks such as order processing, contact managemnet, inventory monitoring, order tracking and employee performance evaluation2
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Supply Chain Management Software
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The combination of processes and procedures used to ensure the delivery of goods and services to customers at the lowest cost while providing the highest value to customers2
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Product Lifecycle management Software
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Software that manages product data during a products life, beggining with the design of the product through manufacture and culminating at the disposal of the product2
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Supplier Relationship Management Software
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Software that manages the interactions with the organizations that supply the goods and services to an enterprise just as CRM software streamlines the processses between the enterprise and its customers2
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Middleware
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A software product that connects two or more seperate applications of software modules2
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Application program interface
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a means to connecting to a system or application provided by the developer of that system or application2
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Enterprise application INtergration
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Combines processes, software, standards, and hardware to link together two or more systems and allow them to operate as one2
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Enterprise Service Bus
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Uses standardized protocols to let event-driven application communicate less expensively than can the tightly coupled, synchronous EAI platforms2
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Event-Driven Architecture
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An approach to designing and building enterprise systems in which business events trigger messages to be sent by middleware between independent software modules that are completely unaware of each other2
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BUsiness Process Management Systems
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Systems for modeling, automating, managing, and optimizing business processes; often used interchangeably with business process managemnt2
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Business event
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a meaningful change in the state of the enterprise such as creating a new employment record, submitting a purchase order, revaluing inventory 2
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Value Chain
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a Chain of activities perfomed by the organization to transofmr the inputs to outputs valued by the customer2
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Order-to-cash process/
Purchase-to-pay |
a process that includes the events surrounding the sale of good to a customer, the recognition of revenue, and the collection of Payment
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Data Flow Diagrams
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Graphical representation of a system showing the systems internal and external entities and the flow of data in and out of these entities4
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bubble symbol
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An entity or process within which incoming data flows are transformed into outgoing data flows. Entity on physical DFD, Process logical DFD4
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Data Flow Symbol
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represents a pathway for the data 4
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External Entity Symbol:
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portrays a source or a destination of data outside the system4
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-Data Store Symbol:
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represents a place where data is stored. May represent a view-a portion- of a larger enterprise database4
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-Context Diagram:
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A top-level, or least detailed, data flow diagram of an information system and all of its activities as a single bubble and shows the data flows into and out of the system and into and out of the external entities.4
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-External Entities:
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Entities (i.e persons, places, or things) outside the system that send 4
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-Physical Data Flow Diagram:
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Is a graphical representation of a system showing the systems’ internal and external entities and the flows of date into and out of those entities. Where, how and by whom4
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-Internal Entity:
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Is an entity from within this system that transform data. Accounting clerks, departments, and computers.4
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-Logical Data Flow Diagram:
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Graphical representation of a system showing the systems processes( bubbles), data atores, and the flows of data into and out of the processes and data stores. What a system is doing. The functions are the main concern4
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-Balanced:
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When two DFD’s have equivalent external data flows. Only balanced DFD’s are correct.4
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-Top-down Partitioning:
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The successive subdivided, or “exploding,” of logical DFDs that, when performed leads to a set of balanced DFD’s.4
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-Systems Flowchart:
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A graphical representation of a business process, including information processes (inputs, data processing, data storage, and outputs), as well as the related operations processes (people, equipment, organization, and work activities).4
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-Activity:
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is any action being performed by an internal or external entity.4
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-Information Processing Activities:
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retrieve data from storage, transform data, or file data. Document preparation, data entry, verification, classification, arrangement or sorting, calculation, summarization and filing.4
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-Exception Routines:
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These processes handle the required actions when processing can’t proceed as planned4
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-Reject Stub:
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A data flow assigned the label “reject” that leaves a bubble but does not go to any other bubble or data store. Do not affect the balance of the DFD.4
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-Applications Approach to Business Event Processing: -
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View concentrates on the process being performed5
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-Data Redundancy-
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data stored in multiple locations5
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-Database Approach to business event processing-
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in which facts about events are stored in relational database tables instead of separate files5
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-Database Management System DBMS-
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A set of integrated programs designed to simplify the tasks of creating, accessing, and managing data. DBMS integrate a collection of files that are independent of application programs and are available to satisfy a number of different processing needs.5
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-Data Independence-
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decoupling the data from the system applications, making the data independent of the application or the users.5
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Schema
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is a complete description of the configuration of record types, data items, and the relationships among them.5
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-Query language/ Data Manipulation Language(DML)-
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a language used to access a database and to produce inquiry reports. 5
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-Cardinality:
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A characteristic in each relationship that shows the degree to which each entity 5
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-Maximum Cardinality:
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A measure of the highest level of participation that one entity can have in another entity.5
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-Decision Support Systems (DSS):
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Information systems to support managers with unstructured decisions by retrieving and analyzing data for purposes of identifying and generating useful information.5
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-Executive Information Systems (EIS)/Executinve Support System
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These systems, which can be considered a subset of DSS, combine information from the organization and the environment, organize and analyze the information, and present the information to the manager in a form that assists in decision making.5
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-Group Support Systems (GSS):
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Computer-based systems that supports collaborative intellectual work such as idea generation, elaboration, analysis, synthesis, information sharing, and decision making GSS/GDSS uses technology to solve the time and space dimension problems associated with group work.5
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-Expert Systems (ES):
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Rule-based systems that emulate the problem-solving techniques of human experts. Appropriate when decisions are extremely complex, consistency of decision-making is desirable, and the decision maker wants to minimize time spent making the decision while maximizing the quality of the decision.5
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-Neural Networks (NN):
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Computer hardware and software systems that mimic the human brain’s capability to recognize patterns or predict outcomes using less-than-complete information.5
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-Intelligent Agent:
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A software program that may be integrated into a DSS or other software tool (such as word processing, spreadsheet, or database packages) that provides automated assistance, advice, and/or information for decision-making.5
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-Knowledge Management:
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The process of capturing, storing, retrieving, and distributing the knowledge of the individuals in an organization for use by others in the organization to improve the quality and efficiency of decision making across the firm.5
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-Data Warehousing:
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The use of information systems facilities to focus on the collection, organization, integration, and long-term storage of entity-wide data. Data warehousing provides users with easy access to large quantities of various data from across an organization to improve decision-making capabilities.5
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-Data Mining:
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The exploration, aggregation, and analysis of large quantities of varied data from across the organization. Used to better understand business processes, trends, and opportunities to improve efficiency and effectiveness, as well as to discover anomalies.5
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4 things in all systems
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organization, interrelationships, integration, central objectives
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two major functions of an info system
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1. mirrors and monitors actions in the operations system. recording, processing, and reporting.
2. Support ,amagerial activities including management decision making |
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SOX 404
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Publish information regarding scope and adequacy of Internal Control structure and procedures for financal reporting
Attest to and report on effectiveness of Internal Control structure and procedures for financial reporting |
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SOX 409
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Publish info on material changed in their financia; conditions or operations
In plain english for people with trend and qualitative figures of graphic presentations |
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logical vs physical
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Logical - verb whats happening
Physical- Noun, people places oor things |
