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172 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MIS
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Management Information Systems
Used to write up summary and exception reports |
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Digitize
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Convert non-digital or analog info. into a digital format
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Dithering
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Reducing size of graphics file- using color patterns of at least 2 colors
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Vector Graphics
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creates images from descriptions that determine lines, etc.
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Table
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Arrangement of data in grid
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Record
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Way to manage fields of data that pertain to a single entity in a database
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Field
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The smallest unit of information contained in a data file.
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Different Fields (date, time, currency)
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Use to help organize database
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Key Field
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File containing data unique to a record- no 2 fields are alike
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Joining Tables
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Finding similarities between 2 tables
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Network Topology
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Configuration or design of a communication network between computers
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UNIVAC
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1st commercially successful digital computer
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John Mauchly
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-Co-Creator of Eniac
-Inventor Univac |
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Konrad Zuse
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German- 1st general purpose program- control calculator- (first computer)
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RFP
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Request for Proposal-Document sent by organizations to vendors to solicit proposals- specifies problems
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RFQ
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Request for Quotation-Document sent by an organization to vendors requesting a formal price quote on Software
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Defragment Disk
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Store files in contiguous clusters- to regain peak performance on your disk
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System Development Lifecycle phases
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Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation, Maintenance- cyclical
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Malware
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Malicious Code caught in anti-spyware
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Full Backup
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backup all files
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Incremental backup
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copy of files that changed since last backup
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Differential backup
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copy of all files that changed since last full backup
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Legacy system
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Outdated system
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GIF file
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Graphic Interchange Format- use on web
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Animated GIF
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Displays sequence of pictures to create illusion of movement
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JPEG
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-Joint Photographic Experts Group
- uses lossy compression to store bitmap images |
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bitmap graphic
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Stored as a gridwork of colored dots (pixels)
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COLOSSUS
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-Early prototype using binary data representation
-Used during WWII to decode encrypted messages by ENIGMA |
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HTTP
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Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- used to transmit web pages |
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HTTPS
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secure network
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b2b, b2c, c2c
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Business to business, business to consumer, consumer to consumer
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Cookie
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-Message sent from web server to browser
- stored on user’s hard disk –keeps track of what you’ve done on internet |
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Access &
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combining criteria
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Access Or
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- multiple criteria on separate lines
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total/summation query
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Finds sum of all criteria
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Calculated field
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Computed from other fields use ":"
( ex: Hours Worked : [ytd earnings] / [hourly rate] ) |
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Wildcard
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A letter and * represents letters after
Ex: B* |
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Peer to peer network
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-Computers work as both file servers and clients
-Computer to computer network |
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Client Server
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Server connected to multiple computers
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Color Depth
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# of bits determines range of possible colors that can be used.
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Pixelated
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Increasing size decreases quality of picture
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Volitile & Non- Volitile
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Describes data (RAM) which can only exist with the constant supply of power
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File name
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what you name your file
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File extension-
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set of numbers or letters that helps identify file contents or type
(ex: .doc) |
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Assembly Language
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-Low- leve
-uses simple commands that are translated into machine language by an assembler |
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Machine Language
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Low-level language written in binary code that the comp. can access directly
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RAM
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Random Access Memory
- holds data, program instructions, and operating system while computer is ON |
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Absolute Referencing
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Uses $ signs to reference cells that change
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IP
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Internet Protocol
-1 of Main protocol of TCP/IP -addresses packets for routing to their destinations |
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TCP
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Transmission Control Protocol
-1 Main protocol TCP/IP -est. data connections btwn. 2 hosts and breaks data into packets |
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SMTP
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- computer used to send e-mail |
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FTP
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File Transfer Protocol
-transfers files between local and remote host computers |
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SSL
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Secure Sockets Layer
- provides secure data transfer over the internet |
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SMS
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Short Message Service
Texts – uses less airtime |
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MMS
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Multimedia Service
-on cell phone- sending pics |
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PING
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Packet internet Groper
- Command on TCP/IP network -sends a test packet to a specified IP address and waits for a reply |
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SQL
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Structured Query Language
-Used my mainframes and micro computers |
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HTML
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Hyper-Text Markup Language
-Used to specify layout for web page documents |
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XHTML
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Extended Hypertext Markup Language
- upgraded version of HTML |
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Magnetic Storage
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Recording data by magnetizing particles of an oxide based surface coding
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Optical Storage
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Recording data as light and dark spots
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Control Structures:
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Instructions specifying the sequence in which a program is to be executed
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Sequence-
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programming construct which alters the order in which instructions are executed
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Selection-
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tells a computer what to do depending on whether a condition is true or false
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Repetition-
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repeats one or more instructions until a certain condition is met
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Multi-tasking operation system
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The ability of a operating system to run more than one program, job, or task at the same time.
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Network Operation System
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Designed to control the flow of data, maintain security & keep track of accounts on a network
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Single User Operating System
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Designed for one user at a time with one set of input devices
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Mulit user Operating System
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- allows one computer to deal with multiple processing requests
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ENIAC
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Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer
- prototype designed for US Army to calculate trajectory tables completed in 1945 |
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Structured Problem
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- Well-established procedure for obtaining best solution
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Unstructured Problem
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No est. procedure for getting a solution
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Semi- Structured Problem
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-General Procedure is est. but requires discretionary judgement to arrive at a solution
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Pilot
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- activating a new information system at one branch of a multi- branch company
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Direct
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- Deactivation of old system and installment of new one
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Parallel
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-Old Computer system still used but some of new system installed
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Strategic Planning
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Developing long range goals for an organization
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Tactical Planning
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- short term decisions
- deploys human, financial, natural resources necessary to meet strategic goals |
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Structured Planning
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- long and short term goals combined
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Disaster Recovery
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Securing equipment and data against disaster
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To Code a Program
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Instructions that form a program or the process of writing one
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Centralized Programming
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- data processed on a centrally located computer (mainframe)
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De- Centralized Programming
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- data processed on multiple mainframes
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Host Computer
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Main connection point for other computers or terminals
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TPS
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Transaction Proccessing System
-Keeps transactions for an organization by providing ways to collect, display, modify, and cancel transactions |
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MIS
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Managing Information System
-Manipulates data collected by transaction processing system |
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EIS
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Executive Information System
-Decision support system -provides senior managers with relavant info. to strategic activities |
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DSS
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Decision Support System
-Allows decision makers to manipulate data directly and use external data to create data models or what-if scenerios |
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ES
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Expert System
-Incorporates knowledge from human experts, analyzes data, produces reccomendation |
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Pixel Interpolation
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-Averages the color of adjacent pixels in an image
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MIPS
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Millions of Instructions per second
- measures speed at which a computer executes instructions |
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FLOPS
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Floating Point Operations Per Second
– measurement of speed where system can process calculations w/floating point numbers -often used in the context of HPC systems |
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Control Unit
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- part of ALU- directs and coordinates processing
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ALU
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
- part of CPU - performs arithmetic and logical operations on #’s in its registers |
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Register
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- Sratchpad area
- where data and instructions are moved to be processed |
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CPU parts
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Control Unit
ALU Register |
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UNIX & windows: LINUX & macos
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All Operating Systems
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Packet Switching
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-used by data comm. Networks (internet)
-a message is divided into packets for transmission COMPUTER |
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Circuit Switching
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- Used by telephone network to temporarily connect one telephone to another for a call
TELEPHONE |
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LCD Monitor
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-Liquid Crystal Display
- flat panel computer screen found on notebooks |
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CRT Monitor
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- Cathod Ray Tube
- display technology that uses large vaccum tube similar to tv sets |
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Virus
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-Malicious computer code
-designed to replicate itself into the other programs stored in a computer - may be benign or negative |
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Algorithm
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Abstract or general procedure for solving a problem (pseudo code, structured, English, or flow chart)
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Terminal
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-Input/ Output device w/ keyboard and screen
- has no storage capacity and very limited processing capability |
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Coaxial Cable
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- constructed of a center wire surrounded by braided wire used for cable and nodes
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Fiberopical Cables
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- bundle of thin tubes of glass used to transmit data as pulses of light
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kila, mega, giga, tera, peda
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Thousand, million, billion, trillion, 15 zeros
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Operating System Software
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- controls computers use of hardware resources
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Application Software
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Help you perform a specific task such as word processing
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HPC-
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High Performance Computing
-Computer science - optimizes the processing capabilities of computers to better handle compute- intensive tasks |
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Grid Computing
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-network of diverse computers
-each is treated as a generic and equal processing resource |
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Enterprise Computing
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-Use of one or more information systems that share data and provide info. to hundreds or thousands of users in diverse locations
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Rendering
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Creating a 3-D solid image by covering a wire frame drawing and applying computer generated highlights and shadows
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IF statements
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Used to assign a value to a cell based on a logical test
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VLOOKUP
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Used for a vertical table to look up values in tables
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Order
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Moving from left to right in a formula
– Order of Operations |
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Pivot Table
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-Summarizes large amounts of info.
-can be manipulated to show the data from different points of view |
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Serial Processing
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- Processes data one instruction at a time
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Parallel Processing
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- Simultaneous use of more than one processor to execute a program
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Trojan Horse Virus
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Appears to perform one function while actually doing something else such as inserting a virus or stealing a password
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Logic Error
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- Run time error in the logic or decision of a computer program
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Time Bomb
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times when a virus shows up
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Data Center
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house and protect computer systems and data
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Windows Registry
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-Crucial set of data files
-maintained by operating system containing settings needed to correctly use hardware and software |
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CMOS
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Complimentary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor
- chip that requires little power to hold data - powered by small battery |
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Clock Speed
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How fast computer works
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OS Kernel
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Core module of an operating system, manages memory, processes tasks, disks
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Motherboard
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Main cicuitboard in a computer houses chips
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RISC
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Reduces Instruction Set Computer Microprocessor chip
– rapid and efficient processing of a small set of instructions |
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CISC
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Complex Instruction Set Computer
- general purpose microprocessor chip – handles more instructions than RISC |
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Unit testing
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completed application module to make sure it operates correctly
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Integration testing
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completed modules to ensure they operate correctly together
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URL
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Uniform Resource Locator- address of web page
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Domain Name
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familiar website names
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IP address
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Unique identifying numbers assigned to each computer connected to the internet
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HTML tags
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<B>
<i> <br> <A HREF=> <img_src> <Body BG Color=> <ul> <title> |
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Quality of Service
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QLS-
-level of performance of computer system -measured by factors such as down time, and capacity |
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ASCII
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange
- represents characters as a series of 1s and 0s – represents txt to transfer between computers |
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Unicode
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-16 bit character representation code
- can represent more than 65, 000 characters |
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ROM
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Read Only Memory
- One or more integrated circuits -contains permanent instructions computer uses during boot process |
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BIOS
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Basic Input Output System
- tells comp. how to access hardisk, find operating system, and load into RAM |
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LAN
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Local Area Network – interconnected group of comps. Located in limited area
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Wireless
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- use infrared or radio signals to transmit data from one network device to another
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Firewall
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analyzes and controls packets on a network
-enhances security by filtering out potential intrusion attempts |
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Solid State Storage
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Records data and stores it in a microscopic grid of cells on a non-volitile, erasable, low-power chip
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Syntax Error
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Results when an instruction doesn’t follow the syntax rules or grammar of the programming language
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Logic Error
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Run time error in the logic or design of a computer program
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MPP
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Massively Parallel Processing
- links multiple processors each with its own bus, memory, and operating system |
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Modulation
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changing characteristics of a signal
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De-Modulation
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changing a received signal back to its original state
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FTP
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File Transfer Protocol
- transfers files between local and remote host computers |
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Command Line Interface
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requires users to type commands rather than using mouse to click on graphics
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Graphical User Interface
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features on screen objects such as menus and icons you click on with a mouse
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Virtual Memory
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Use of hard disk storage to simulate RAM
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BIT
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smallest unit of info. handled by comp
- 1 of 3 values either 0 or 1 |
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BYTE
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8 bits which represents a letter or number
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Outsourcing
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- use of independent contractors to perform specific jobs or tasks
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Off Shoring
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- corporate practice of re-locating production service over seas to lower cost
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Bootstrap/Loader Program
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-Stored in ROM
- loads and initializes the operating system on a computer |
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Response Time
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-Time it takes to fulfill a request
- Measured beginning when a user initiates a request for info. and ends when the request is filled |
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Broadband
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- refers to communication channels that have high-bandwidth
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Narrowband
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- communication channels with low bandwidth
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Hypertext
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way of organizing an information database by linking information using text and multimedia to help the development of the web
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DSL
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High- speed internet connection that uses existing telephone lines requiring close proximity to a switching station
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Downstream Transmission
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transmitted data that flows from the host or server to a local computer
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Upstream Transmission
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transmitting data from home computer to internet
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Downloading
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transmitting copy of file from remote computer to local computer’s disk drive
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Uploading
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- process of sending copy of file from local comp to remote comp
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NIC
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Network Interface Card
Expansion board mounted inside computer to allow access to a LAN |
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Gateway
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- used to join 2 dissimilar networks by converting data sent from one network into a format compatible to the receiving network
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Router
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- examines the IP address of incoming data and forwards to its destination
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Resolution
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Denisty of grid used to display or print texting graphics
-higher horizontal and vertical density = higher resolution |
