Access To Health Chapter 8

Front 1

_______ is the feeling associated with the physiological need to eat.

Back 1

hunger

Front 2

______ is the desire to eat

Back 2

appetite

Front 3

______ ______ are foods believed to be beneficial and or to prevent disease.

Back 3

Functional foods

Front 4

______ is the science that investigates the relationship between physiological function and the essential elements of foods eaten.

Back 4

Nutrition

Front 5

Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water are known as ___________

Back 5

Nutrients

Front 6

A ______ is a unit of measure that indicates the amount of energy obtained from a particular food.

Back 6

Calorie

Front 7

The ________ process foods are broken down and absorbed or excreted by the body.

Back 7

Digestive

Front 8

_______ is fluid secreted by the salivary glands: enzymes in the fluid aid in the breakdown of certain foods for digestion.

Back 8

Saliva

Front 9

________ tube transports food from the mouth to the stomach

Back 9

Esophagus

Front 10

________ is a large muscular organ that temporarily stores, mixes, and digests food.

Back 10

Stomach

Front 11

The _____ intenstine is a muscular coiled digestive organ consisting of the duodenum, jejunun and ileum.

Back 11

Small intestine

Front 12

_______ is abnormal depletion of body fluids

Back 12

Dehydration

Front 13

_________ are the essential constituents of nealry all body cells necessary for the development and repair of bone, muscle, skin, and blood.

Back 13

Proteins

Front 14

Amino acids are necessary for ________ ________

Back 14

the building blocks of protein

Front 15

Essential amino acids _____________________________

Back 15

are nine of the basic nitrogen containing building blocks of proten that must be obtained from foods to ensure health.

Front 16

_______ proteins contain all of the nine essential amino acids

Back 16

Complete (high-quality)

Front 17

______ proteins are lacking in one or more of the essential amino acids.

Back 17

Incomplete

Front 18

_________ are basic nutrients that supply the body with the energy needed to sustain normal activity

Back 18

Carbohydrates

Front 19

Simple sugars provide _____ ______ energy

Back 19

short term

Front 20

Complex carbohydrates provide _______ _______

Back 20

sustained energy.

Front 21

_________ is a simple sugar that contains only one molecule of sugar.

Back 21

Monosaccharide

Front 22

_________ is a combination of 2 monosaccharides.

Back 22

Disaccharide

Front 23

_________ is a complex carbohydrate formed by the combination of long chains of saccharides.

Back 23

Polysaccharide

Front 24

________ is fiber ( a major form of complex carbohydrates)

Back 24

Cellulose

Front 25

_______ is the polysaccharide form in which glucose is stored in the liver.

Back 25

Glycogen

Front 26

_____ is the indigestible portion of plant foods that helps move foods through the digestive system and softens stools by absorbing water

Back 26

Fiber

Front 27

____ are basic nutrients composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms, needed for the proper functioning of cells insulation of body organs agains shock, maintenance of body temperature, and healthy skin + hair.

Back 27

Fats

Front 28

_________ are excess calories consumed and converted into triglycerides stored as body fat.

Back 28

Triglycerides

Front 29

_________ is a form of fat circulating in the blood that can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries.

Back 29

Cholesterol

Front 30

_______ is the cholesterol buildup on the inner walls of arteries causing narrowing of the channel through which blood flows - asterosclerosis.

Back 30

Plaque

Front 31

______ is compounds that transport the cholesterol in the blood to the liver for metabolism and elimination from the body.

Back 31

HDL - high levels = lower risk

Front 32

______ is compounds that facilitate the transport of cholesterol in the blood to the body's cells

Back 32

LDL - high levels = high risk

Front 33

______ is a toxic condition caused by overuse of vitamin supplements

Back 33

Hypervitaminosis

Front 34

______ are inorganic, indestructible elements

Back 34

Minerals

Front 35

_______ are minerals that the body needs in fairly large amounts

Back 35

Macrominerals

Front 36

_____ minerals the body needs in only very small amounts.

Back 36

Trace

Front 37

_______ is ron deficiency disease that results from the body's inability to produce hemoglobin

Back 37

Anemia

Front 38

____ is iron deficiency disease characterized by craving for certain foods and substances.

Back 38

Pica

Front 39

__________ is iron toxicity due to excess consumption

Back 39

Hemochromatosis

Front 40

__________ are substances believed to protect active people from oxidative stress and resultant tissue damage at the cellular level.

Back 40

Antioxidants

Front 41

_________ are fat soluble compounds with antioxidant properties.

Back 41

Carotenoids

Front 42

_________ is a type of vitamin b believed to decrease levels of homocysteine, an amino acid that has been linked to vascular diseases.

Back 42

Folate

Front 43

Recommended dietarty allowances are_____________________

Back 43

the average daile intakes of energy and nutrients considered adequate to meet the needs of most healthy people.

Front 44

Adequate intakes are _______________

Back 44

best estimates of nutritional needs.

Front 45

Tolerable upper intake level is ________________________

Back 45

the highest amount of a nutrient that an individual can safely consume

Front 46

Dietary Reference Intake is ___________________________

Back 46

26 essential vitamins and minerals developed by US researchers

Front 47

USRDA

Back 47

recommended daily allowance

Front 48

Reference daily intake is _____________

Back 48

Recommended 19 vitamins and minerals known as micronutrients

Front 49

Daily reference values are __________________________

Back 49

recommended amounts for micronutrients such as total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol.

Front 50

Daily values are ______________________

Back 50

seen on food and supplement labels

Front 51

what is food irradiation?

Back 51

Treating foods with gamma radiation from radioactive cobalt, cesium, to kill microorganisms.

Front 52

What are food alergies?

Back 52

an overreaction by the body by the body producing antibodies triggering allergic symptoms

Front 53

Food Intolerance is?

Back 53

adverse effects resulting when people who lack the digestive chemicals needed to break down certain substances eat those substances.

Front 54

Organically grown is foods grown without the use of _________ and __________

Back 54

without pesticides and chemicals.