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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accent |
The pronunciation which coveys information on a person's geographical origin |
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Dialect |
A regional dialect refers to grammar and vocabulary which conveys information on the geographical origin Non standard grammar and vocab |
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Idiolect |
All features that contribute to your own unique use of language e.g where you live, who your peers are, your family |
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Sociolect |
Styles of language to suit the group we are with at any one time |
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Convergence |
Moving our speech closer to that of another |
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Covert prestige |
Taking pride on having regional non standard forms |
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Overt prestige |
Pride in using standard language |
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WILLIAM LABOV -MARTHAS VINEYARD- what do fishermen do? |
Centralise the au and ai more than any other group |
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Why do they do this? |
To identify themselves as vineyarders, an independent social group rejecting the norms of mainland America, full of tourism |
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WILLIAM LABOV- NEW YORK- what did he do? |
Found that informants of department stores were all of different class |
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How did his find this? |
By asking a specific question which would be answered with fourth floor |
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Which store was high class? |
saks used r more |
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Who was least? |
KLEIN'S |
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Who showed an upward shift when asked to repeat? |
MACYS |
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Who is DANIEL JONES? |
1909 speak undesirably 1950 speak naturally |
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PAUL KERSWILL |
Dialect levelling |
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What did he find Hull did? |
Cut off three generations using the same dialect |
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What did Milton Keynes do? |
Use estuary English |
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What did Reading do? |
Gradual change from young to old |
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What is dialect levelling |
Form of standardisation where local variations of speech lose their distinctive regional features in favour of a more urban / mainstream dialect. Speech in different parts of the country are becoming more similar |
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Who did the communication accommodation theory? |
GILES, COUPLAND, AND COUPLAND |
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What did they reinforce? |
That people converge to the person they are speaking to That people diverge to exacerbate their own idiolect |
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Who did the matched guise theory? |
HOWARD GILES |
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What did he do? |
Split sixth formers into two groups |
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Why did he do this? |
To gather opinions on different accents |
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What did they judge RP as? |
More intelligent |
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What did they view non rp as? |
More approachable |
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What is Howard Giles accommodation theory? |
Speakers accommodate their accents to that of their interlocutor, converging with the accent of those they wish to please. They diverge from the disliked accent |
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What did Aziz find? |
That 48% of business directors see a regional accent as a disadvantage of business success |
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Which accents are worse |
Brummie and Liverpudlian |
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What did mehrabian find? |
That 38% of a first impression is how you sound 7% is what you say |
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What did LOURDES BURBANO investigate? |
both the active and passive dialect vocab of high school students in Newcastle and sunderland, by using multiple choice questions |
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What did she find? |
Girls use more dialect words than boys Older children know more than younger children Doll off means truanting Kets are sweets |
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What did KT strongman and Woosley find? |
A constant patten to the evaluation of the accents of rp, rural cities ie Cornwall and Devon, and industrial cities of Birmingham |
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Which accent was favoured |
RP |
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Which were least favoured? |
Birmingham, industrial cities |
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Which stereotypes did they find |
That rural accents portray a beautiful scenery, but speakers are peasants Rp is intelligent |
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What did Vivian De Klerk find? |
Young people challenge linguistic norms |
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Why do they do this? |
To be seen as cool and up to date, establishing themselves as different |
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Who is Carmen Llamas |
Middlesborough was a part of Yorkshire until 1968 |
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So where do older people identify themselves as from? |
Yorkshire |
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What about young people? |
Associate themselves as from the north east, ie middlesborough independantly |
