Accelerated Us History Ch. 21-29 - Vocab

Front 1

Pragmatism

Back 1

Belief that Inherited ideas and principles need scrutiny before being accepted as social guidlines. Led to education based on experience rather than knowledge

Front 2

Initiative

Back 2

allowed voters to propose legislative changes, usually by petition

Front 3

Referendum

Back 3

Gave the public a mechanism for voting directly on controversial leglislation

Front 4

Peace without Victory

Back 4

Idea created by Wilson in an atempt to mediate the end of the war. Urged countries to embrace this but was turned down. everyone wanted victory

Front 5

Submarine Warfare

Back 5

Due to Britain's vast naval superiority, Germany began to rely on the sumarine. Declared a "war zone" around british isles and threatened to torpedo enemy ships without warning. [this was a bluff to intimidate britain until they gained more ships]

Front 6

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Back 6

Germany declared that all vessels in the war zone would be gunned down [unarmed, nuetral, etc.] were driven into desperation by Great Britain - attempted to starve them into submission

Front 7

Hooverized

Back 7

Herbert Hoover headed the food administration which had agricultural production under its jurisdiction. Preached the gospel of a clean plate. Americans "hooverized" with wheatless mondays and wednesdays, meatless tuesdays etc.

Front 8

Conscription

Back 8

Cumpulsory draft of enrollees to serve in the military. Put into effect by the selective service act

Front 9

Reparations

Back 9

payments to make up for damages made

Front 10

Existentialism

Back 10

Philosophy stating that life has no transparent purpose, and each individual must salvage personal meaning from the world. Foreshadowed by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Earnest Hemingway

Front 11

Flappers

Back 11

Liberated women who "bobbed their hair, painted their lips, raised their hemlines, and danced the charleston." Personified the decline in traditional morality

Front 12

Associationism

Back 12

Method proposed by Herbert Hoover to abhor destructive competition and waste in the economy. Called for voluntary trade associations to foster cooperation in industry and agriculture through commision trade practice controls and ethical standards [it worked]

Front 13

Associationism

Back 13

Method proposed by Herbert Hoover to abhor destructive competition and waste in the economy. Called for voluntary trade associations to foster cooperation in industry and agriculture through commision trade practice controls and ethical standards [it worked]

Front 14

Jawboning

Back 14

Hoover's initial responce to the great depression. Persuading buisness leaders to maintain prices and wages and labor spokesmen to not strike or demand higher wages.

Front 15

Hoovervilles

Back 15

Image of the great depression. Breadlines, soup kitchens, tin-can shanties, tarpaper shacks

Front 16

Fireside Chats

Back 16

Conducted over the radio by Roosevelt in an attempt to generate support for his program by appealing directly to the people. Explained what he had done in plain, simple terms.

Front 17

Isolationism

Back 17

Antiwar sentiment. Congress did not allow the army out of the country. College students participated in a nationwide strike for peace

Front 18

Fascism

Back 18

Political philosophy invented by Mussolini. One party government, strict control of buisness and labor, severe restrictions on personal liberty. Promised to end political corruption and labor strife while maintaining capitalism and private property

Front 19

Baby Boom

Back 19

Marriage rate went up. People began marrying younger, birthrate increased and stayed high

Front 20

Island Hopping

Back 20

Strategy implimented by America against Japan. Capture important bases, build airstrips, move onto the next island.

Front 21

Manhattan Project

Back 21

Secret program to ensure that the U.S. developed a bomb before Nazi Germany. World's top physicists worked to develop the new weapon

Front 22

Containment

Back 22

Idea that by containing the Soviets within their borders and not allowing any other nations to convert to communism, the soviets coudl be controlled and would decay from within. Policy was to be enforced by the U.S. through economic, political, and military means. May have prolonged the coldwar.

Front 23

Modern Republicanism

Back 23

Eisenhower's new progressive way of thinking. Conservative when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings

Front 24

New Look

Back 24

Eisenhower's adjustments to the containment doctrine. Began with the idea of saving money, emphasized nuclear weapons over conventional ones assuming that the next major war would be a nuclear one. Drew angry criticism, but did save money.

Front 25

Domino Theory

Back 25

Idea that if Vietnam fell, other nations would also fall to communism. Accepted by Lyndon Johnson

Front 26

Sputnik

Back 26

Transmitter sent into space by the Soviet Union. Demonstrated that the Soviets had gained higher ground. US feared future military assaults from the technology.

Front 27

Black Power

Back 27

Pride in one's African American heritage and one's blackness. Also entailed that blacks exercise control over their own communities and institutions

Front 28

Feminist Theory

Back 28

Books began arguing that gender distinctions structure virtually every aspect of a person's life. cited pornography, sexual harrasment and rape of examples of how men hate women.

Front 29

Black Power

Back 29

Pride in one's African American heritage and one's blackness. Also entailed that blacks exercise control over their own communities and institutions

Front 30

New Freedom

Back 30

Program created by Woodrow Wilson. Aim was the restoration of competition and his tool was to be trust-busting. [Trying to look after men who were "on the make" rather than "already made"]

Front 31

New Nationalism

Back 31

Program created by Roosevelt. Believed that big corporations must be controlled without paralyzing the energies of the buisness community. Expansion of federal regulatoryactivities to control rather than dismantle trusts

Front 32

Big Stick Diplomacy

Back 32

Plan by Roosevelt to intimidate the Japanese. Sent a fleet of battleships on a round the world ttour

Front 33

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 33

Taft's plan to use "dollars instead of bullets" to ensure stability and order. Wanted American capital to replace European capital in Lattin America in order to increase influence there

Front 34

Missionary Diplomacy

Back 34

Name given to Wilson's sermonistic foreign policy. Believed in American style democrasy and that no people were not fit for government.

Front 35

Good Neighbor Policy

Back 35

Roosevelt's policy of not interferring with the international affairs of neighboring countries. Hoping to improve relations with Latin America. Did not solve all problems but created better relations for when the U.S. needed hemispheric solidarity.

Front 36

Wilson's Fourteen Points

Back 36

Wilson's formula for peace [felt setting a punitive treaty with harsh peace terms would merely sow seeds for future wars.] Called for things such as open covenants openly arrived at, partial/full independance for minorities, freedom of seas, self determination, free trade, and arms reduction. Heart of the plan was the League of Nations.

Front 37

League of Nations

Back 37

Heart of Wilson's Fourteen points. International organization to promote world peace by guarenteeing the territorial integrity of all nations. It would enable the world to police aggression and spare the U.S. the responcibility