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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the data and information theory?
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Data consists of raw facts.
Information is a collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves. |
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What is information literacy?
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An individual's level of facility with information.
A particular knowledge base or skill set. Understanding of information in a business. |
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What is computer literacy?
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Knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function. It stresses equipment and devices (hardware), programs and instructions (software), databases, and telecommunications.
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What is an information system?
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A set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process) and store, and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. The feedback mechanism helps organizations achieve their goals, such as increasing profits or improving customer service.
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What is systems thinking?
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The application of formal systems theory and concepts to problem solving.
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What is modeling?
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An abstraction or an approximation that is used to represent reality.
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Types of Modeling
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Narrative, physical, schematic, mathematical, change model
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Narrative modeling
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description, reports, logical
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Physical modeling
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tangible, constructed
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Schematic modeling
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graphs and charts
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Mathematical modeling
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arithmetic
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Change model (steps)
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unfreezing, moving, refreezing
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Competitive Advantage - Five Force Model
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competitive advantage is a signficant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its competition
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What are the five forces?
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rivalry among existing competitors, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutions (products/services), the buyer's bargaining power, the supplier's bargaining power
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Competitive Advantage - Value Chain
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providing value to the stakeholder - customer, supplier, manager, or employee - is the primary goal
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What is the value chain?
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series of activities that include inbound logistics, warehouse and storage, production, finished product storage, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and customer service
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What are the levels of management?
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strategic, tactical, operational, non-management employees
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What is open source code?
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software that is free to study, change, and improve its design (example: Linux)
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What is data hierarchy?
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organized, beginning with the smallest piece of data used by a computer and then progressing upward to a database
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Hierarchy of Data (low to high)
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bit, byte/character, field, record, file, database
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What is the general communication theory?
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source --> transmitter --> channel --> receiver --> destination
transmission of a sifnal by way of a medium from a sender to a receiver |
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How many types of internet business models are there?
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12
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Types of internet business models
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virtual storefront, information broker, transaction broker, online marketplace, content provider, on-line service provider, virtual community, portal, syndicator, auction, dynamic pricing, banner ad
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Virtual storefront
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sells goods/services online
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Information broker
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provides info on products, pricing, etc.
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Transaction broker
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buyers view rates/terms from various sources
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Online marketplace
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concentrates info from several providers
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Content provider
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content for a fee, advertising
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On-line service provider
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support service for hardware, software products
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Virtual community
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chat room, online meeting place
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Portal
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initial point of entry to the web
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Syndicator
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aggregate information from serveral sources sold to others
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Auction
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electronic clearinghouse - products, prices change in response to demand
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Dynamic pricing
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real-time interactions between buyers and sellers determine price of items
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Banner ad
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graphic display used for advertisng, linked to advertiser's website
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What is decision making theory?
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component of problem solving
intelligence --> design --> choice |
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What is problem solving theory?
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intelligence --> design --> choice --> implementation --> monitoring
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Intelligence
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potential problems or opportunities are identified or defined
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Design
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alternative solutions to problem are developed
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Choice
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selecting a course of action
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Implementation
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solution is put into effect
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Monitoring
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decision makers evaluate the implementation
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What is the nature of intelligence?
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emphasis is on developing machines with intelligent behavior
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What is intelligent behavior?
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ability to learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience, handle complex situations, solve problems when important info is missing, determine what is important, react quickly and correctly to a new situation, understand visual images, process and manipulate symbols, be creative and imaginative, use heuristics
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Stages in the Theory of Strategic Information Systems Planning
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Organizational Level
Department/Division Level Individual Project Level |
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Stage One
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Organizational Level:
vision --> organization mission statement --> organizational goals --> organizational objectives |
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Stage Two
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Department/Division Level:
assessment of organizational goals and objectives --> set IS mission statement --> IS goals --> IS objectives |
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Stage Three
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Individual Project Level:
assessment of organizational requirements --> assemble master development plan --> resource requirement plan --> evaluate project --> develop project plan |
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What is the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)?
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systems investigation, systems analysis, systems design, systems implementation, systems maintenance and review
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What are drawbacks to SDLC?
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inflexible, user cannot use solution until complete
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Understand problem, understand solution, select and plan best solution, place solution into effect, evaluate results
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Steps in SDLC
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Topics in Change Management Theory
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resistance to change, reducing resistance to change, change strategies, socialization of change theory
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Reasons for Resistance to Change
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fear of unknown, economics, inconvenience, threat to interpersonal relations
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How do you reduce resistance to change?
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build trust, discuss upcoming changes, involve employees in changes, make sure changes are reasonable, avoid threats, sensible time schedule, implement in most logical place
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What are the change strategies?
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fear, coercion, socialization
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What is the socialization of change theory?
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understanding the need (rational) and discussing need in groups (socialization), planning response (rational) and participation in planning response (socialization), implementing/monitoring change (rational) and communication/feedback about change (socialization)
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What is the general security theory?
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deterrents, preventives, detectives, corrective measures
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What is a deterrent?
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administrative policies and visible security
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What is a preventive?
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security software and physical restraints
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What is a detective?
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security software and internal controls
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When do you take corrective measures?
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a system has been abused and the abuse is detected
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What is the theory of ethics?
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responsibility of business to its stockholders and owners
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What is the new view of ethics?
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responsible to everyone including society as a whole
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