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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Median plane
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dividing the head and torso into right and left halves. (mid-sagittal) plane. (midline longitudinal plane)
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Sagittal
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dividing the body into left & right parts (not halves)
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Coronal. Frontal
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dividing the body (head, torso, limbs)into front and back halves or parts. (longitudinal plane)
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Transvers. Cross
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divides the body into upper and lower halves(cross sections) - axial or transaxial sections.
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Terms of position & direction
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the relationship of one organ to another
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standard anatomical position
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body standing erect, limbs extended, palms of the hands forward.
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Cranial. Superior. Rostral.
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closer to the head or higher than another structure of the body (not incl limbs)
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Anterior. Ventral
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more in front than another structure in the body.
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Posterior. Dorsal
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a structure being more in back than another structure.
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Medial.
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a structure that is closer to the median plane
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Lateral
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further away from the median plane
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Proximal
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closer to the median plane or root of the limb **limb only
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Distal
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**limb only - further away from the median plane or the root of the limb
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Caudal. Inferior
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closer to the feet or the lower part of the body (not in reference to a limb)
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Superficial.
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external - closer to the surface of the body.
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Deep
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internal - further away from the surface.
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Ipsilateral
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"on the same side"
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Contralateral
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"on the opposite side"
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System
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a collection of organs and structures sharing a common function.
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skeletal system
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skeleton of bones and thier periosteum, and the ligaments that secure the bones at the joint.
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Articular system
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jonts, both movable and fixed, and the related structures incl. joint capsules, synovial membranes and discs/menisci.
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Muscular system
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skeletal muscles that move the skeleton, the face, heart and skin
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Cardiovascular system
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heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins
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Lymphatic system
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vessels assisting veins in recovering the body's tissue fluids
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Nervous system
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impulse-generating conducting tissue organized into a central nervous system (brain & spinal cord)
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Endocrine system
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glands
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Integumentary system
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skin
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Respiratory system
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upper and lower respiratory tract
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Digestive system
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breakdown, digestion and assimilation of food as well as excretion
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Urinary system
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the conservation of water and maintenance of a neutral acid-base balance in the body fluids
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Immune/Lymphoid system
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organs concerned with body defense
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Female Reproductive system
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the secretion of sex hormones, production and transportation. Maintenance of developing embryo
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Male Reproductie system
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the secretion of male sex hormones, formation and maintenance.
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Regional Anatomy
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organization of human structure by regions
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Closed body cavities
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not open to the outside of the body. (cranial, vertebral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities)
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Cranial cavity
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brain & its coverings, cranial nerves and blood vessels.
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Thoracic cavity
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lungs, heart and other structure in the chest
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Abdominal cavity
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gastrointestinal tract and related glands, the urinary tract and great numbers of vessels and nerves.
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Open Visceral Cavities
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open to the outside of the body. Tubular passageways lined with mucosa (respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts)
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Tissues
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a collection of similar cells.
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Periosteum
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the thick fibrous membrane coveing the entire surface of a bone except its articular cartilage.
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Frontal
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forehead
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Temporal
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temple
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Orbital
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eye, cavity/walls
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Nasal
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nose, cavity/walls
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Buccal
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cheek
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Oral
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mouth cavity
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Mandibular
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lower jaw
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Anterior Cervical
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front of neck
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Lateral Cervical
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side of neck
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Supraclavicular
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above clavicle
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Pectoral
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anterior chest
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Abdominal
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abdomen
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Inguinal
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groin
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Pelvic
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pelvis
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Pubic
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genital region
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Genital
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reproductive organs
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Pudendal
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female genitals
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Perineal
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between pubis and coccyx
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Coccyx
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tail bone
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Deltoid
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shoulder / upper arm (anterior)
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Axillary
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armpit
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Brachial
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arm (anterior)
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Antecubital
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front of elbow (anterior)
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Carpal
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wrist (anterior & posterior)
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Hand: Palmar
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palm
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Digital
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fingers, toes
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Coxal
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hip
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Femoral
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thigh (anterior & posterior)
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Patellar
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knee cap
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Crural
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leg (anterior & posterior)
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Fibular
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lateral (side) leg (anterior)
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Tarsal
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ankle (anterior & posterior)
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Foot: Dorsum
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top of foot
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Parietal
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top and sides of head (posterior)
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Occipital
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back of head
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Post. Cervical/Nuchal
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back of neck
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Scapular
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shoulder blade (posterior)
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Vertebral
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spinal column
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Paraspinal
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along side spinal column
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Thoracic
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posterior chest
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Lumbar
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lower back (posterior)
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Sacroiliac
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vertebro-pelvic joint (posterior)
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Sacral
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posterior pelvis
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coccygeal
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tail bone
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Acromial
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top of shoulder (posterior)
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Deltoid
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shoulder/upper arm (posterior)
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Brachial
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arm (posterior)
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Cubital
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elbow
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Antebrachial
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forearm (posterior)
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Hand: Dorsal
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back of hand (posterior)
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Gluteal
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buttock
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Popliteal
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back of knee
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Foot: Plantar
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sole (posterior)
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Closed body cavities
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not open to the outside of the body (cranial, vertebral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic)
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Cranial cavity
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occupied by the brain & its coverings, cranial nerves, and blood vessels.
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Dura mater
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a tough, fibrous membrane lining enveloping the brain in the cranial cavity.
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Thoracic cavity
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contains the lungs, heart & other structures (tubular airways, bl.vessels, lymphatics, nerves)in the chest
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Pleura
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a serous membrane completely lining the thoracic cavity.
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Abdominal cavity
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contains the gastro-
intestinal tract& related glands, the urinary tract, vessels & nerves. |
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Pelvic cavity
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contains the urinary bladder, rectum, and reproductive organs
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Peritoneum
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the serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic wall
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Open visceral cavites
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tubular passageways lined with mucosa (respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts)open to the outside of the body.
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