A&c Test 3 Part 2

Front 1

What is Cerebral Palsey

Back 1

delayed gross motor development - delays all motor skills

Front 2

What are Seizures

Back 2

atypical electrical discharge in the neurons of the cerebral cortex

Front 3

3 types of Meningitis

Back 3

1. Haempohilus influenzae B (Hib)
2. Strep pneumoniae - very common
3. Neisseria meningitidis - upper respiratory organism

Front 4

What is Muscular Dystrophy

Back 4

a group of genetic disorders w/ microscopic changes in specific muscles, muscle wasting, loss of strength in skeletal and voluntary muscles.

Front 5

Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsey

Back 5

pattern of weakness, onset, developmental delays

Front 6

Clinical manifestations of Meningitis

Back 6

Headache, anorextia, N&V, change in LOC, seizure, rash, nuchal rigidity, joint pain, photophobia, temp >103

Front 7

Clinical manifestations of Seizures from Birth to Toddlers

Back 7

Fever, URI, metabolic disorders, malformation of CNS, perinatal brain injury.

Front 8

Clinical manifestations of Seizures from older children to adults

Back 8

trauma, tumors, CV disease

Front 9

Clinical manifestations of Seizures from Toddlers to older children

Back 9

CNS infection, neurodegenerative disorders, genetic seizure disorder

Front 10

Etiology of MD

Back 10

A flawed gene causes MD. The gene for dystrophin is normally found in the X chromosome, if defective then no dystrophin and MD results

Front 11

Describe Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Back 11

onset <5 years of age
rapidly progressive
respiratory and cardiac failure
children affected are late to walk
pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles
gradually become clumsy
frequent falls
loss of mobility b4 age 12
death b4 mid 20s

Front 12

Describe Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Back 12

Onset in teens or early adulthood
progressive
slow and unpredictable course
walk becomes wide and waddling, walking on toes
loss of strength in hips, pelvis, thighs, shoulders
gradually becomes clumsy
frequent falls
loss of mobility rare b4 30
death from respiratory problems in 50s-60s

Front 13

Diagnostic tests for MD

Back 13

biopsy of muscle for dystrophin levels
Blood creatine kinase >3000
MRI of muscle fibers
EMG to measure action potentials
Genetic: blood/muscle tissue

Front 14

Treatments for MD

Back 14

PT, ROM to prevent complication r/t immobility

Front 15

Meds for MD

Back 15

Albuterol: suppress immune response
Steroids: treat everything
Creatinine: increases strength
Calcium blockers

Front 16

What does Gentamycin do?

Back 16

in 10% of cases it bypasses the defective gene allowing dystrophin to be made.

Front 17

Describe Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Back 17

Onset in teens or early adulthood
progressive
slow and unpredictable course
walk becomes wide and waddling, walking on toes
loss of strength in hips, pelvis, thighs, shoulders
gradually becomes clumsy
frequent falls
loss of mobility rare b4 30
death from respiratory problems in 50s-60s

Front 18

Diagnostic tests for MD

Back 18

biopsy of muscle for dystrophin levels
Blood creatine kinase >3000
MRI of muscle fibers
EMG to measure action potentials
Genetic: blood/muscle tissue

Front 19

Treatments for MD

Back 19

PT, ROM to prevent complication r/t immobility

Front 20

Meds for MD

Back 20

Albuterol: suppress immune response
Steroids: treat everything
Creatinine: increases strength
Calcium blockers

Front 21

What does Gentamycin do?

Back 21

in 10% of cases it bypasses the defective gene allowing dystrophin to be made.

Front 22

Manifestations of Cerebral Palsey

Back 22

*Delayed Gross motor development - Universal sign of CP
Abnormal motor performance, increased muscle tone, abnormal postures, reflex abnormalities - persistance of plantar, palmar, moro reflexes

Front 23

Possible manifestations of CP

Back 23

Mental retardation: <30% of children have any deficit.
>70% have typical function

Front 24

Sensory impairment of CP

Back 24

nystagmus (rapid eye movements), hearing loss, amblyopia (lazy eye)

Front 25

Other manifestations of CP

Back 25

drooling, respiratory problems, constipation, dental probs, seizures, orthopedic probs.

Front 26

What is spastic CP?

Back 26

most common type of CP
Increased tone w/ poor control
attempts at movement worsten problem
very limited fine motor skill

Front 27

What is Dyskinetic CP?

Back 27

abnormal voluntary movement
athetosis: slow wormlike undulating, writhing movement
worsen with stress and during adolescence
involves muscles of breathing and speech

Front 28

What is Ataxic CP?

Back 28

wide-based gait
rapid repetitive movements done poorly
purposeful movement worsens condition.

Front 29

Therapy goals for CP?

Back 29

lessen symptoms
PT, OT, Speech & Language therapy to:
establish communication
facilitate ambulation
provide education
promote typical socialization

Front 30

Meds used in treatment of CP

Back 30

Valium, Robaxin, dantrium, Baclofen, Botox

Front 31

_____ is the most common serious neurological problem affecting nearly 1% of children

Back 31

Epilepsy

Front 32

Partial Seizure:

Back 32

originates in a single area or manifests on one side of body.

Front 33

Simple partial seizure:

Back 33

no loss of consciousness

Front 34

Complex partial seizure:

Back 34

Impaired or loss of consciousness.

Front 35

Generalized seizures:

Back 35

occur bilaterally or from several sites. manifestations on both sides of body

Front 36

Absence seizures:

Back 36

sudden loss of awaremenss
children can have up to 300-400 in 1 day

Front 37

Myoclonic seizure

Back 37

sudden, violent muscle contraction - one or many, usually in arms

Front 38

Tonic-clonic seizure:

Back 38

sudden onset of rapid alternating muscle flexion/extention

Front 39

Seizure Meds:

Back 39

Dilantin-phenytoin - oldest, usually first drug of choice.
Not used for absence seizures, liver disease, pregnancy

Front 40

More seizure meds:

Back 40

valproate acid: Depakene: used in all seizure types
Not used in Liver disease, pregnancy
May cause liver failure or bone marrow failure
Monitor labs, don't crush

Front 41

Diet used for Tx of Seizures:

Back 41

Ketogenic Diet: high fat, low carbs, very strict.

Front 42

Vagal Nerve Stimulator

Back 42

Used in Tx of seizures. Vagus influences no. of seizures - stimulator applies current to vagus until seizures abate

Front 43

How is meningitis spread?

Back 43

Coughing, kissing, sneezing

Front 44

Who is at greatest risk for meningitis

Back 44

children <5, elderly, teens & young adults

Front 45

Labs for viral meningitis

Back 45

WBC low: <500
Protein: 50-500 mg/dL
Glucose: normal
Urine: clear, slightly cloudy

Front 46

Labs for bacterial meningitis

Back 46

WBC high: >1000
Protein: >500 mg/dL
Glucose: low
Urine: turbid/cloudy

Front 47

Tx for meningitis

Back 47

IV fluids
antibiotics: ampicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin
Codeine for cephalgia
Tylenol or ASA for fever >102
Lasix for diuresis