Abv 2 Test 1

Front 1

Strabismus is a mnaifest deviation of the lines of sight of the two eyes of ____ prism diopters or more.

T or F: Strabismus involves the lines of sight outside of Panum's fusional area while fixation disparity involves the lines of sight within this area.

Back 1

1

T

Front 2

What's the most common visual abnormality found in children age 6-17?

What's the prevalence of this in the general population?

Back 2

Strabismus

2-6%

Front 3

In the under 20 age group, _____ causes more vision loss than trauma and all other ocular diseases.

Back 3

amblyopia

Front 4

The Visual Acuity Impairment Study found _______ ________ to be the leading cause of monocular vision loss in the 20-70+ age group.

Back 4

functional amblyopia

Front 5

T or F: the age limit for which amblyopia can be treated falls around the early 20s.

Back 5

FALSE! no age limit!

age is NOT a significant factor in success outcome

Front 6

What are the 4 components of normal binocular vision?

Back 6

1. anatomical
2. motor
3. sensory
4. integration

Front 7

Asthenopia as a symptom is common with what conditions?

Back 7

intermittent strab or large phorias

Front 8

If the _________ system is poor, patient may progess from intermittent to constant strab (decompensated phoria).

Back 8

fusion vergence system

Front 9

T or F: With strabismus, the MORE sensory anomalies the GREATER the symptoms.

Back 9

F...the LESSER the symtoms (greater frequency, more sensory anomalies...if a condition is constant, the brain makes adaptations to eliminate the asthenopia/diplopia).

Front 10

What is assoc with better prognosis? Intermittent onset strab or constant onset strab?

Which has a tendency for poor prognosis: early or late onset strab?

Back 10

intermittent

early (sensory adaptations)

Front 11

T or F: parents are better at detecting if their children DONT have strab (specificity) vs. if their children do have strab (sensitivity)

Back 11

T

Front 12

High AC/A ratio, hyperopia >1.50, eso/exo tendency, and poor vergence ability are all implicated in what?

Back 12

transmission of strabismus (parent->child)

parent and child might have same condition but not the same experience!

Front 13

1/3 of all comitant ETs resolved by ___________.

50% of all amblyopia caused by ______.

72% of children with strab. had ______.

Back 13

corrective lenses

anisometropia

abnormal refractions

Front 14

Astigmatism ___ and sphere ___ as you scope further from the visual axis.

stay within the central ___degrees to prevent this.

Back 14

increases, decreases

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Front 15

consider out of phoropter refraction on _____ and all deviations greater than _____.

Back 15

children; 15 prism diopters

Front 16

Mohindra ret:
1. what's the working distance?
2. lights on or off?
3. where does patient fixate?
4. do you have to occlude an eye?
5. subract ____ from sphere value

Back 16

1. 50 cm
2. off
3. retinoscope
4. yes
5. infants: .75
children greater than 2: 1.00
all others: 1.25

Front 17

T or F: Mohindra retinoscopy slightly overestimates hyperopia

Back 17

F; underestimates

Front 18

T or F: tropicamide is not recommended for cycloplegia

Back 18

T

Front 19

what's dosing for cyclopentolate?

After how many minutes is the maximum cycloplegia?

Back 19

<1 y.o.= .5% soln 2 gtts (wait 1-5 mins in between)

>1 y.o.= 1% soln 2 gtts (wait 1-5 min in between)

30-45 mins

Front 20

What 3 things can you do to determine adequate cycloplegia?

Back 20

1. NPA (<2.00D is good)
2. MEM (>/=+2.00 lag)
3. Add -.75 to BCVA...does VA go down? if yes, adequate cycloplegia

Front 21

What's the most frequent cause of form vision deprivation amblyopia?

Back 21

congenital cataract

Front 22

T or F: isometropic amblyopia is more likely to cause bilater reduced VA than anisometropic

Back 22

T

Front 23

T or F: there is a relationship between the depth of amblyopia and the size of strabismus

Back 23

F (more about constancy)

Front 24

_____ should be normal in functional amblyopes until VA drops below 20/200.

Back 24

color vision

Front 25

What happens to VA in a functional amblyope when you dark adapt and use a 3.0 neutral density filter?

Back 25

the VA stays the same in these patients (drops drastically in organic/pathologically cause amblyopia)

Front 26

T or F: the incidence of eccentric fixation is higher for a strabismic amblyopic patient than for an aniso. amblyopic patient

Back 26

T

Front 27

What 4 things do you have to classify for eccentric fixation?

Back 27

1. localization
2. location (temp nasal sup inf)
3. magnitude
4.stability

Front 28

What are 4 things you can do if the patiend doesn't see the haidinger's brush?

Back 28

1. use +10 lens
2. use extra gelatin filter
3. decrease room illum
4. decrease or increase testing distance

Front 29

T or F: with the brock-givner after image test, the patient MUST have normal correspondence

Back 29

T

Front 30

What is the average angle kappa?

Back 30

.5mm nasal (eye is temporal)

Front 31

Angle kappa:

1mm= __ prism diopters

Back 31

22

Front 32

A large negative angle kappa may hide an _____ or cause psuedo-_____.

Back 32

Exotropia; pseudo-esotropia

Front 33

T or F: with angle kappa, if the angle in the OD equals the angle in the OS, there still may be a gross eccentric fixation

Back 33

F (this means NO gross EF)

Front 34

Kappa is better for determining ____ of fixation than for detecting EF.

Back 34

unsteadiness

Front 35

Patient has 5 prism diopters of nasal EF. What's the expected VA?

Back 35

5+1=6 (MAR)

6x20= 120

20/120

Front 36

T or F: you can predict the VA from the amount of EF, but you can't predict the amount of EF from the VA

Back 36

T

Front 37

T or F: with EF, the fovea still has the best VA

Back 37

T (VA is always greater at the fovea of an EF eye, but worse than the normal eye)

Front 38

What's the overall strategt for determining if there is EF and how large it is?

Back 38

1. Perform angle kappa and hirschberg
2. Perform visuoscopy
3. If you can't perform #2, do Haidinger's brush or Brock-Givner afterimage test

Front 39

What are the two types of amplyopia in Chavasse's classification of amblyopia?

Which is more serious with worse prognosis?

Back 39

1. Amblyopia of extinction (DETERIORATION of central VA)
2. Amblyopia of arrest (reduced VA due to PREVENTION of visual development)

#2 is more serious (with #1, is it reasonable to assume you can get back to 20/20 if you had it before)

Front 40

The critical period is when a person needs clear retinal image to reach/maintain normal levers of acuity and binocularity.

The critical period is definitely up until ____ months of age (up to a couple years of life).

Back 40

REACH (maintain=Sensitive period)

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