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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common infections of elderly
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Urinary Tract Infections
Respiratory Tract Infections Bronchitis Pneumonia Gastroenteritis Herpes Zoster |
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MC causes of UTI
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Gram-negative bacilli (i.e. Escherichia coli, followed by Klebsiella and Proteus.)
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What bugs are common in patients with indwelling catheters?
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Serratia, Enterobacteria, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas
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leading cause of nosocomial UTIs
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Catheter-associated bacteriuria
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Bugs assoc with nosocomial UTIs
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Often polymicrobial—i.e. Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Enteroccocus
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___________ is an inevitable event with nosocomial UTIs
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Bacteriuria
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Common viral respiratory infections
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Influenza A & B
Parainfluenza Coronavirus Rhinovirus Respiratory syncytial (RSV) |
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the most effective way to decrease mobidity and mortality assoc with influenza a and b
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Prevention
Immunization to those 50+ |
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Most common complication of influenza in the elderly
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pneumonia and exacerbation of COPD
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Antiviral for influenza should be administered within __ hours of symptoms onset
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Antiviral for influenza should be administered within 48 hours of symptoms onset
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What antivirals?
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Amantadine and Rimantidine (*as of this year, these drugs are obsolete!)
Inhaled zanamivir and oseltamivir against types A & |
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Tx of bronchitis
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self-limited. if cause an exacerbation of chronic lung disease, frequently treated with antibiotics, Bronchodilators
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Laboratory tests for pneumonia
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sputum C&S, CXR, blood C&S, CBC
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Pathogens assoc with pneumonia
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Strep. Pneumonia, H. Influenza, enteric gram negative organisms
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The 6th most common cause of death in the United Sates; mostly in the elderly
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Pneumonia
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What abx is used for Community acquired, treated as outpatient
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Levofloxacin, or azithromycin (not over 65), or doxycycline
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what abx is used for Community acquired, hospitalized
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Ceftriaxone plus azithromycin or levofloxacin alone
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What abx is for Nursing home acquired, treated in nursing home
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Levofloxacin +/- clindamycin, or moxifloxacin, or levofloxacin, or ceftriaxone
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What abx is for Nursing home acquired, hospitalized
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Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor plus macrolide, or ceftriaxone plus clindamycin, or levofloxacin plus clindamycin or moxifloxacin
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Guidelines for predicting 30 day mortality from pneumonia using clinical criteria:
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2 or more of the following:
Respiratory rate > 30/min Pulse > 125 beats/min Altered mental status History of dementia Oxygen saturation < 90% Pneumonia vaccination |
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__% of all death from diarrhea occur in 74 years or over
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50% of all death from diarrhea occur in 74 years or over
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Pathogens assoc with gastroenteritis
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C. difficile, Campylobacter, E. Coli, Salmonella and Shigella
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Tx of gastroenteritis
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In out patient with diarrhea, viral pathogens are most common
If infection suspected, empiric antibiotics may be started (i.e. Septra/Bactrim or one of the quinolones), if due to C. dificille, use Flagyl |
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Lab dx of zoster
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direct fluorescent antibody from the vesicular fluid
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complications of zoster
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Post Herpetic Neuralgia, Opthalmic HZ is an ophthalmic emergency because it may cause blindness, even stroke
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Tx of zoster
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Acyclovir
Famciclovir Valaclovir |
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Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in the elderly and requires no treatment?
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True
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Older adults may present with acute illnesses by only mental status changes
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True
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