Above Knee Prosthetics

Front 1

pressure sensitive areas (3)

Back 1

1. distolateral end of the femur
2. pubic symphysis
3. perianal area

Front 2

pressure tolerant areas (4)

Back 2

1. ischial tuberosity
2. gluteals
3. lateral sides of residual limb
4. distal end (may be sensitive)

Front 3

basic components (5)

Back 3

1. foot ankle assembly
2. shank
3. knee assembly
4. socket
5. suspension device

Front 4

this type of foot ankle assembly is the most frequently prescribed prosthetic feet in the country

Back 4

SACH

Front 5

this foot is generally indicated for trans-tibial amputees with knee pathology and and for increased knee stability for transfemoral amputees.

Back 5

Single Axis Feet (SAF)

Front 6

it is usually made of rigid foam or wood, covered with plastic laminate, and differs from the shank of the below knee prosthesis in that it does not contain a socket

Back 6

exoskeletal system

Front 7

a shank tube with adaptors at both ends, connects the foot-ankle assembly to the knee unit. similarly, a thigh tube with adaptors at both ends connects the knee unit to the socket

Back 7

endoskeletal system

Front 8

stability of the knee is provided by (3)

Back 8

1. extension of the hip on the amputated side
2. the prosthesis be aligned so that the weight line passes through the axis
3. a braking mechanism or locking mechanism be incorporated

Front 9

simple, minimal noise, maintenance of cost
the geometric design provides one axis of rotation upon which knee movement occurs. this design is structurally superior and is the lowest maintenance design

Back 9

single axis

Front 10

inherent stability. useful for patients with short above knee amputee

Back 10

polycentric axis

Front 11

the more commonly used of the friction type device. this is the most popular knee unit

Back 11

constant friction

Front 12

designed to provide cadence dependent motion

Back 12

fluid controlled units

Front 13

this system utilizes a self contained adjustable hydraulic unit to regulate the swing phase of the gait cycle.

Back 13

hydraulic knee control

Front 14

the unit is indicated for individuals with slow to fast cadence tempos and a more aggressive pattern of ambulation

Back 14

hydraulic knee control

Front 15

used by patients for additional mechanical assitance if needed to control heel rise or to accelerate the shank during its forward swing

Back 15

extension aids

Front 16

the device is also useful when the wearer takes short steps, as when working in a confined area

Back 16

extension aids

Front 17

this is the simples type consisting of elastic webbing in front of the knee axis

Back 17

external kick strap

Front 18

it tends to pull the knee into extension when sitting

Back 18

external kick strap

Front 19

it tends to pull the knee into flexion when sitting

Back 19

internal extension aid

Front 20

this is the simplest mechanical stabilizer

Back 20

manual lock

Front 21

a problem inherent with this is the need to disengage it when the wearer sits

Back 21

manual lock

Front 22

this provides very high friction during early stance, resisting any tendency of the knee to flex

Back 22

friction brake

Front 23

one design, incorporated a sliding friction unit, involves the mating of a wedge and groove upon loading assuming the knee is flexed less than 25 degrees

Back 23

friction brake

Front 24

it must provide comfortable containment of the amputation limb, support and transfer of body weight to the prosthetic foot, control of the prosthesis during all ambulatory activities, and contact with all portions of the residual limb including the distal region

Back 24

sockets

Front 25

the socket must avoid excessive pressure on the __ and ___

Back 25

pubic symphysis and perineum

Front 26

it is a narrow from anterior to posterior and relatively wide mediolaterally

Back 26

quadrilateral shape

Front 27

the anterior wall of quadrilateral shape is ____ higher to apply a posteriorly directed force and a lateral wall as high to apply medial-lateral stabilization

Back 27

2.5-3 inches (6-8cm)

Front 28

for pressure sensitive adductor longus tendon

Back 28

anterior-medial concave relief

Front 29

for sensitive hamstring tendons and sciatic nerve

Back 29

posterior-medial concave relief

Front 30

to permit the gluteus max to contract and bulge without being crowded

Back 30

posterior-lateral concave relief

Front 31

to allow adequate room for the rectus femoris

Back 31

anterior-lateral wall concave relief

Front 32

this is to facilitate contraction of hip extensors
to reduce lumbar lordosis

Back 32

socket flexion

Front 33

to provide a zone through which the thigh may be extended to permit the wearer to take steps of approximately equal length

Back 33

socket flexion

Front 34

it enhances positioning of the ischial tuberosity on the posterior brim

Back 34

socket flexion

Front 35

it is a relatively narrow in the mediolateral dimension, and relatively wide anteroposteriorly

Back 35

ischial containment socket

Front 36

it is sometimes called the contoured adducted-trochanter and the distal end of the femur

Back 36

ischial containement socket

Front 37

maximum control of the prosthesis without any encumbering auxiliary suspension,

Back 37

total suction

Front 38

a socket is slightly loose may enable partial suction suspension. the patient wears one or more socks

Back 38

partial suction

Front 39

if the socket has a distal hole but no valve

Back 39

no suction

Front 40

it is fitted to a person with amputation above the greater trochanter, removal of the femoral head (hip disarticulation), or removal of the femur and some portion of the pelvis (transpelvic amputation)

Back 40

hip disarticulation prosthesis

Front 41

positioning the mechanical hip ___ to a point corresponding to the mechanical hip contributes to hip stability

Back 41

anterior