Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the anterior landmarks for levels C3, C4, C5, and C6?
|
C2:hyoid
C4,C5: thyroid C6: cricoid |
|
|
The carotid tubercle is at which level?
|
C6
|
|
|
What is C7-T1 landmark?
|
Sternal notch
|
|
|
With an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), which is the first muscle encountered? what is the innervation?
|
Platysma
Facial nerve (cranial nerve [CN] Vll) |
|
|
With an ACDF, the interval for dissection lies between what two anatomical areas?
|
Carotid sheath
Trachea |
|
|
What are the four contents of the carotid sheath?
|
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
Common carotid artery (CCA) Internal jugular vein CN X (vagus) |
|
|
What artery lies at the proximal extent of exposure? What is to be done with it?
|
Superior thyroid artery
It may be sacrificed |
|
|
What is the omohyoid muscle encountered? How should it be retracted?
|
Encountered on the medical side of the carotid sheath within pretracheal tissue
|
|
|
What are the origin, insertion, innervation, and function of the omohyoid muscle?
|
Origin: scapula
Insertion: ansa cervicalis (C1 to C3) Function: depress hyoid bone and larynx |
|
|
More proximal approaches put which nerve at risk? What is it clinical significance?
|
Superior laryngeal nerve
Responsible for high note phonation |
|
|
Classically, there is increased recurrent laryngeal nerve risk with which approach? Why?
|
Right-sided approach
More variable on right (left goes around the aortic arch) |
|
|
In which interval does the recurrent laryngeal nerve ascend?
|
Tracheoesophageal interval
|
|
|
What do recent data indicate about the side of approach and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate?
|
Right-and left-sided approaches have equivalent injury rates
|
|
|
What approach places the thoracic duct at risk? What is the treatment if the duct is injured?
|
Left-sided approach
|
|
|
Horner's syndrome is a risk at which level? Why?
|
C7-T1
|
|
|
Vocal cord paralysis may also occur by which other mechanism? How can this be prevented?
|
Compression of larynx between retractor and endotracheal (ET) tube
Prevention: deflate ET tube after retractors are placed, allow tube to re-centralize |
|
|
What does "SLAC Line" refer to?
|
The five capital letters in the acronym refer to the following structures (anterior to posterior):
Sympathetic chain Longus coli Artery (vertebral) Cervical nerve root Lateral mass |
|
|
What is the preferred proximal cervical approach for a singer?
|
Anterior retropharyngeal approach
|
