Abos - Shoulder And Humerus: General Knowledge - Anatomy

Front 1

What are the four acromial centers of ossification?

Back 1

Basiacromion
Mesoacromion
Metaacromion
Preacromion

Front 2

How can you remember the order from the base to the tip?

Back 2

Alphabetical from base to tip

Front 3

What is the most common location of an os acromiale?

Back 3

At the junction of meso— and
meta—acromion

Front 4

lf an os acromiale is present, how often is it bilateral?

Back 4

60% of the time

Front 5

What is the indication for surgical treatment of os acromiale? How is it treated? What complication may develop despite treatment?

Back 5

Only if symptomatic
If small: excise
If large: open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)
Risk of nonunion with ORIF

Front 6

How is acromial morphology classified?

Back 6

l: flat
ll: curved
III: hooked

Front 7

What radiographic study best visualizes acromial
morphology?

Back 7

Supraspinatus outlet view

Front 8

What type is associated with best outcomes for nonoperative treatment of impingement?

Back 8

I (flat)

Front 9

What artery runs with the coracoacromial ligament?

Back 9

Acromial branch of thoracoacromial artery

Front 10

Where is the glenoid blood supply the poorest?

Back 10

Anterosuperiorly

Front 11

What are the borders of the quadrangular space?

Back 11

Superior: teres minor
Inferior: teres major
Medial: triceps
Lateral: surgical neck of the humerus

Front 12

What are the two contents of the quadrangular space?

Back 12

Posterior humeral circumilex artery
Axillary nerve

Front 13

What are the three borders of the triangular space?

Back 13

Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of triceps

Front 14

What are the contents of the triangular space?

Back 14

Circumflex scapular vessels

Front 15

What are the three borders of the triangular interval?

Back 15

Long head of triceps
Teres major
Humerus

Front 16

What are the two contents of the triangular interval?

Back 16

Profunda brachii artery
Radial nerve

Front 17

Relative to the transverse scapular ligament, where does the suprascapular artery run?

Back 17

Above the ligament

Front 18

Relative to the transverse scapular ligament, where does the suprascapular nerve run?

Back 18

Below the ligament

Front 19

What is the innervation of the teres major?

Back 19

Axillary nerve

Front 20

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

Back 20

Suprascapular nerve

Front 21

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

Back 21

Axillary nerve

Front 22

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

Back 22

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Front 23

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

Back 23

Lower subscapular nerve

Front 24

Relative to the humeral intertubercular groove, what is the position of the
pectoralis major?

Back 24

Posterior

Front 25

. . .of the latissimus dorsi?

Back 25

Floor of groove

Front 26

. . .of the teres major?

Back 26

Anterior

Front 27

What is the primary function of the latissimus dorsi?

Back 27

Shoulder extension

Front 28

What is the origin of the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGI-IL)? What is the insertion?

Back 28

Origin: anterosuperior labrum
Insertion: lesser tuberosity

Front 29

In which arm position is the SGHL the primary restraint against external
rotation and inferior translation?

Back 29

Adducted

Front 30

What is the origin of the coracohumeral ligament? What are the two sites of the insertion? What is its function? What does the coracohumeral ligament provide interval restraint against?

Back 30

Origin: lateral base of coracoid process
Insertions: greater and lesser tuberosities
Reinforces the capsule of the rotator
Inferior translation and external rotation in adduction (same as SGHL)

Front 31

What is the origin of the middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL)? What is the insertion? Where is the MGHL seen arthroscopically?

Back 31

Origin: inferior to SGHL
Insertion: lesser tuberosity
Crosses subscapularis from superomedial to inferolateral

Front 32

The MGHL is the primary static restraint against external rotation in what arm position?

Back 32

45 to 60 degrees of abduction

Front 33

What is the origin of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex (IGHLC)? What is the insertion?

Back 33

Origin: inferior labrum
Insertion: anatomic neck of humerus

Front 34

What are the three components of the IGHLC?

Back 34

Anterior band
Posterior band
Axillary pouch

Front 35

The IGHLC is the primary anterior stabilizer of the shoulder in what arm position?

Back 35

90 degrees of abduction
Also provides resistance against inferior translation in this position

Front 36

What band of the IGHLC resists humeral translation in abduction and external rotation?

Back 36

Anterior

Front 37

What band resists humeral translation in abduction and internal rotation?

Back 37

Posterior

Front 38

When plating the humerus, the radial nerve is a key consideration. What is the safe the safe distance vertically from the lateral epicondyle?

Back 38

14 cm

Front 39

. . .from the medial epicondyle?

Back 39

20 cm

Front 40

. . . from trochlea to spiral groove?

Back 40

13 cm

Front 41

. . .from trochlea to the site whereradial nerve pierces intermuscular septum?

Back 41

7.5 cm