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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Approximately how many genes are there in human DNA?
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30,000
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What is the difference between an intron and an exon?
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Intron: noncoding sequence within DNA
Exon: directly codes for protein |
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What is an oncogene?
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Tumor-inducing agent
Arises from proto-oncogenes after mutation or increased expression |
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What is a proto-oncogene?
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Normal gene
Codes for proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation |
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What is an anti-oncogene?
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Tumor suppression gene
Suppresses growth in damaged cells to inhibit tumors If function is lost, allows tumor growth |
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What is a gene promoter?
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DNA sequence required for transcription
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What is a gene enhancer?
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Region of DNA that provides a binding site for transcription factors
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What happens after a transcription factor binds to a region of DNA?
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Recruits RNA polymerase
Enables RNA synthesis from the coding region of the gene |
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What is a consensus sequence?
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Shared sequence of nucleotides in different DNA and RNA sequences
Plays the same role in different locations (e.g., binding site for regulatory proteins) |
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What transcription factor is critical for enchondral ossification?
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SOX9
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A deficiency of this transcription factor results in which dysplasia?
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Camptomelic dysplasia
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What transcription factor is associated with intramedullary ossification?
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CBFA -1 (core binding factor 1)
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What dysplasia is associated with deficiency of this factor?
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Cleidocranial dysostosis
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