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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common location of knee MCL injury?
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Femoral insertion
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What radiographic finding is the indicative of chronic MCL injury?
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Pellegrini-Stieda lesion (calcified MCL insertion)
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When should a posterolateral corner injury be repaired?
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Acutely
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What is the general technique for posterolateral corner repair?
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Primary repair with or without augmentation with allograft or autograft
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By definition, how many ligaments are involved in a combined injury?
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Three or more
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What two structures are most commonly injured with knee dislocation?
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ACL
PCL |
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What is the incidence of vascular injury after anterior dislocation?
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30 to 50%
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What is the first line test to exclude arterial injury with knee dislocation? What is the safe value?
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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
Safe if ABI>0.9 and good pulses are present |
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If a knee dislocation is irreducible, what is the most likely direction of dislocation? Why?
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Posterolateral rotatory
Because condyle has button-holed through the capsule |
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What is the preferred timing of surgery after knee dislocation? What is it imperative to check?
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Operate 5 to 12 days after injury
Check vascular integrity |
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What two posterior structures should be repaired?
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PCL
PLC |
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What are the two principal risk factors for heterotopic ossification (HO) development after knee dislocation?
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Mechanical ventilation
Elevated Injury Severity Scale (ISS) score |
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What possible intraoperative complication must one be alert for? Why?
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Fluid extravasation
May lead to compartment syndrome |
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How does PVNS compare to the clinical presentation of synovial chondromatosis?
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Synovial chondromatosis generally has loose bodies within the knee
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What is the MRI appearance of PVNS of the hips?
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"Bulging"hemarthrotic hip joints
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What populations is particularly at risk for condylar AVN
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Elderly women
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What is the likely outcome if <50% of condyle involved?
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Spontaneous healing
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If >50% of the condyle is involved, there is an increased risk of what complication?
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Collapse
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What physical exam test best identifies IT band friction syndrome? How is it performed?
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Ober test for tight IT band
Examine hip in abduction and hyperextension |
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What are the four components of the differential diagnosis of a runner with leg pain?
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Tibial stress fracture
Medial tibial stress syndrome Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome Exercise-induced compartment syndrome |
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What is the cause of medial tibial stress syndrome?
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Periostitis
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Where is the pain generally located?
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Posteromedial tibial border, middle to distal
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Does rest generally relieve medial tibial stress syndrome symptoms?
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Yes
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What is the recommended treatment?
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Nonoperative rehabilitation
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What are the criteria for the diagnosis of exercise induced compartment syndrome?
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>30 mm Hg at 1 minute post exercise
>20 at 5 minutes >15 at 15 minutes |
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What pediatric physeal injury of the knee must be carefully excluded? How?
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Salter Harris II of distal femur
Obtain stress radiographs |
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These injuries have a tendency to fall into which direction?
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Varus
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The resultant amount of deformity is related to what factor?
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Degree of displacement
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