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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristic features of tetanus-prone wounds: Age? Depth? Contamination?
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Age >6 hours
Depth >1 cm Gross contamination with devitalized tissue |
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lf a wound does not meet these criteria, what are the two indications for a tetanus booster?
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Unknown history of tetanus vaccination
History of fewer than three tetanus shots |
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lf a wound is tetanus prone, what is the prophylactic treatment if the patient has had a tetanus booster within the past 5 years?
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No booster necessary
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What is the prophylactic treatment if the patient has not had a tetanus booster within the past 5 years?
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Administer tetanus vaccine
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What is the two-part prophylactic treatment if the history of vaccination is unknown?
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Administer tetanus vaccine
Administer immunoglobulin antibody |
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What is the two-part treatment for established tetanus?
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Diazepam to decrease spasm
Penicillin |
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What are the key organisms responsible for necrotizing fasciitis?
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Group A streptococcus is more commonly isolated than other organisms
But polymicrobial infection is more common than group A streptococcus alone |
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What is the treatment of choice?
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Emergent operative debridement
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What are the two preferred antibiotics?
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Penicillin
Meropenem |
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What is the key organism responsible for gas gangrene?
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Clostridium species
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What is the treatment of choice?
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Emergent operative debridement
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What are the two preferred antibiotics?
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Penicillin
Clindamycin |
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What are the two key organisms responsible for toxic shock syndrome?
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S. aureus
Group A streptococcus |
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What is the preferred antibiotic?
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Nafcillin
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What is the key organism?
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Vibrio vulnificus
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What is the preferred antibiotic?
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Ceftazidime
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What is the appropriate treatment for a patient bitten by a healthy dog or cat?
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Observe for 10 days
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What are the two components of the appropriate treatment for a patient bitten by a symptomatic animal?
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Immunoglobulin
Rabies vaccination |
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What is the appropriate treatment for a patient bitten by a skunk, raccoon, bat, or fox?
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Assume the animal is rabid Treat immediately as if animal was symptomatic
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What is the key organism responsible for cat scratch fever?
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Bartonella henselae
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Is incision and drainage usually necessary?
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No, generally not
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What is the preferred antibiotic?
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Azithromycin
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What is the classically tested means by which a pseudomonas infection occurs in the foot?
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Puncture wound through a tennis shoe
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What are the two components of the appropriate antibiotic treatment?
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Ceftaziclime
Ciprofloxacin |
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What species of tick is associated with Lyme disease?
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Ixodes tick
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What organism is responsible?
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Borrelia burgdoderi
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Lyme disease is classically associated with what two skin "Bull’s-eye" lesion findings?
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Erythema migrans
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What joint is most commonly affected?
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Knee joint
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What are the three stages of disease progression?
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Rash
Neurologic findings Arthritis |
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How is Lyme disease definitively diagnosed?
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) |
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What two antibiotics are commonly used to treat Lyme disease?
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Amoxicillin
Doxycycline |
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What is the special stain and medium for mycobacterium?
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Ziehl-Nielson stain
Lowenstein-]ensen medium |
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What is the special stain for herpes?
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Tzanck prep
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What is the medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
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Thayer-Martin medium (chocolate agar)
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What organism has been potentially associated with malignancy?
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Clostridium septicum
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What is the two-part preferred laboratory sequence for diagnosing hepatitis C virus?
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ELISA
Immunoblot assay |
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What is the most sensitive test for early detection of hepatitis C infection?
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
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What treatment should be considered with a PE in a patient acutely after spine surgery?
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IVC (inferior vena cava) filter
Anticoagulation may lead to epidural hematoma development |
