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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the mechanism of action for each of the following groups of antibiotics: B-lactams (eg., penicillin, cephalosporins) and vancomycin?
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lnhibit peptidoglycan synthesis; acts against the cell wall
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Quinolones?
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lnhibit DNA gyrase
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Metronidazole?
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Creates free oxygen radicals
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Polymyxinf nystatin?
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lncrease cellular permeability
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Most others (aminoglycosides, linezolid, clindamycin, etc.)?
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lnhibit protein synthesis (eg., through ribosomal activity, etc.)
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What is the definition of inherent antibiotic resistance? Example?
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Cell features that prevent antibiotic activity
Example: absence of a metabolic pathway |
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What is the definition of acquired antibiotic resistance? Example?
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Resistance acquired through new cellular elements
Example: plasmids or transposons |
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How does staphylococcus develop resistance to penicillin? What gene is involved?
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Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) mecA
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What is the spectrum of organisms generally susceptible to bacitracin?
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Gram positive only
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What two antibiotics can be added to bacitracin to broaden its spectrum?
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Polymyxin
Neomycin |
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By what route is bacitracin administered?
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Topically
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What antibiotic achieves the highest concentration in bone?
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Clindamycin
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When antibiotics are added to cement, how long does the maximal effect last?
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Approximately 2 weeks
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After how long has all of the effectiveness generally been exhausted?
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8 weeks
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