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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are you going to do a lot of in clinics
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fix DAs (displaced abomasum)'
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are left DA's an emergency
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no, go back to bed
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what are left DA's associated with
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calving
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why do you care more about right DA's
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can torse the pylorus
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what happens with an abomasal volvulus
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twisting of the abomasum on itself, cuts off blood supply. Very similar to dogs with GDV.
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what predisposes cows to a DA
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breed (dairy cattle > beef)
females > males recently calved |
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do llamas and alpaca's get DA' s
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no stop pinging them
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on what side will DA' occur 90% of the time
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on the left within 6 weeks of calving
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what can also occur with DA's
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ketosis. who knows if they got this before or after the DA but they are associated with each other.
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how does Ca2+ effect DA
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rumen and retriuculum can't contract. remember mm need Ca2+ to move
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abomasal atony
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high concentrate/low forage diet
high concentrations lead to increased VFA in the abomasum |
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what other dz.s can contribute to DA
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inc. VFA production and lack of fiber.... idk
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CS of LDA and RDA
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decreased appetite
decreased milk production normal TPR (unless concurrent infectious dz) ketouria/ketolactia |
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changes in defecation of LDA
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depends- trick question. some get DA diarrhea. in clinics this means you gotta put them in isolation and gown up
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change in abdominal contour in DA's
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slab sided
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hydration status on DA's
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pretty normal 5% dehydrated at the most
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rumen contractions in DA's
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decreased
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what will you hear if you flick the abdomen with a DA
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ping! yay. more cowbell
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what causes the ping
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fluid gas interface
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what will you feel on rectal exam with a LDA
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you cant palpate it, so stop trying
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when can you feel a DA on rectal exam
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on RDA
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CS of abdomasal volvulus
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complete anorexia, sharp decrease in milk production. ketouria/ketolactica, absent rumen contractions, scant manure production
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what distinguishes a simple RDA and a volvulus
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will have a hr of 100-110 normal is 60-80
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where do you ping the cow
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on the left side poin of elbow to tubr coxae adn from the elbow to the stifle and zig zag all over
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do you always hear a ping in DA cows
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nope. if its too early in the process or not enough fluid. if it looks like a DA, had hx supporting this. there is a good chance she's got a DA
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at what location will you commonly find a ping
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elbow and paralumbar fossa
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what if you hear a ping up high
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it can be rumen gas, calm down
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RDA d/dx
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abomasal volvulus, cecal dilation or volvulus,
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if your ping moves what does that mean
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its in the intestines, soooo not a big deal
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if there is gas in the intestine what will you feel
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can feel bowel loops
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if there is some sort of nasty gas producing bacteria what is this called
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pysometra
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do you run BW with a DA
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nah, its going to be normal unless shes got something else going on
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what about chemistry for DA
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metabolic alkalosis
hypochloremia hypokalemia hyperlactatemia (can be prognostic indicator with volvulus) +/- hypocalcemia hyperbilirubinemia (GI stasis) ketone bodies hypo/hyperglycemia |
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what is normal BG in a cow
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40-60 g/dl
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when do cows with DA become hyperglycemic
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"when Jesus comes to town"
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paradoxic aciduria trying to keep potassium levels normal in the body
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dec. perfusion in peripheral tissues
stimulates aldosterone -> reabsorb Na+ <-> secrete K+ if the cow is hypokalemic -> reabsorb Na+ <-> secrete H+ helps to preserve potassium but can promote the alkalosis |
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what is the liptak test
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for LDA only. used if were not sure if its a LDA. were getting a ping on the left and we can't decide if its rumen or LDA. pH should be low if its a LDA. higher pH its the rumen
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when can you use a toggle?
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for a LDA
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how do you roll and toggle
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tie up the cow, put her on the ground, tie her feet up go a hands breath below xiphoid, can clip and prep, then you have this weird thing called a toggle, have to ping again to make sure the abomasum is where it should be coudl be adhered, then to the rigt and a hand down of xiphoid hit the toggle hard into the cow pull out the pin the t piece stays in there.
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how do you know for sure if you hit the abomasum with the toggle
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can check pH
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what do you do after you toggle
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do another one! woohoo... so yea 2 inches away from the first one so you can tie them to each other. don't tie too tight, you'll get necrosis.
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how long should it take after you toggle for the cow to look better
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24 hours
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what do you do if you toggle and she still looks like hell the next day
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cut those sutures to release whatever you toggled, cut your losses
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so when you toggle what are you actualy doing
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you take the abomasum and suture it to the body wall
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why do we care about the liver with a LDA
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fatty liver, it will feel round edges
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how do you get to the LDA through that hole they can have in the right side right rumen fistula
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you put your arm all the way to the other side of the rib cage
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what are the three t's for antibiotics
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time- how long was the procedure
trash- how clean was the surgical site trauma- are tissues damaged |
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what type of abx can you use for DA
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penicillin
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medical management after LDA
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maybe abx
NSAIDs oral fluids/ IV fluids calcium ? dextrose? transfaunation? |
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what are some comlications that can occur after fixing the DA
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vagal indigestion
decreased lactation (peak milk may never reach potential) abscess at surgical site |
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how do you prevent DA's
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diet, fiber for chewing cud, keep rumen bugs happy, no slug feeding
fix the ration- transisition diet for dry cows, reduce incidence of ketosis/milk fever, decrease postpartum diseases (monitor postpartum cows CLOSELY) |
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what can happen to the heart with a DA
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atrial fibrillation which will fix itself after you fix the DA
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what do you do if the cow had volvulus post op
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may take up to 72 hours to know if she is going to develop somethi
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CS of abomasal ulcers
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occur in all ages of cattle (associated with stress, high concentrate diets, lymphosarcoma of older animals)
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what are the two general categories of abomasal ulcers
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non-perforating
perforating |
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signs of peroration ulcers
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dam nit she went too fast
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who is more apt to perforatec
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calves may be associated with copper deficiency
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dx of perfs
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fecal occult blood
abdominocentesis CBC (leukocytosis with neutorphillia, high fibrinogen) |
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treatment for ulcers in a cow
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dietary changes (hay only)
decrease stress avoid stress and NSAIDs blood transfusions (PCV < 12%) antibiotics GI protectants H2 antagonists |
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do H2 blockers or proton pump inhitbors work in cows
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no the only thing you can do is fix the problem itself and feed hay only or pasture
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abomasal impaction
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poor quality feeds that get bound up in the abomasum
can happen in lymphosarcoma cows vagal indigestion |
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CS of abomasal impaction
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bilateral ventral enlargement
papple shaped weight loss |
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treatment of abomasal impaction
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surgically open up abomasum try oral fluids, put laxatives in it.
metoclopramide, terminate pregnancy, rumenectoomy |
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px of abomasal impaction
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don't feed course rough forages and if you have to TONS of water
monitor BCS in herd |
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abomasal emptying defect is common in what
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suffolk sheep adults
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what happens when you have a abomasal dz
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anorexia, weight loss, abdominal enlargement
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d/dx of AED
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malnuturtion, parasitisin. dental attrition, johnes, caseous lymphadenitis, neoplasia, chronic pneumonia
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what kind of shape will AED sheep have
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papple
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how do you dx AED
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hx, PE, skinny suffolk sheep, pull a rumen fluid sample look at the Cl- level. normal should be less than 30meq, these guys are more than a 100
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tx of AED
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there is no tx
supportive- oral fluids try to break that food up, surgery- empty out rumen and abomasam transfunate them, metaclopramide- inc. motility DONT USE FOR BREEDING |
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what it the prog for AED
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guarding
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