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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which DSM definition is this?
Evidence only of nonbizarre delusions of at least one months duration; functioning at a relatively high level. |
Delusional disorder
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Which DSM definition is this?
At least one month of acute symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought and speech, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms and at least six months of some symptoms of disorder. |
Schizophrenia
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Which DSM definition is this?
Same symptoms as schizophrenia, lasting more than one month but less than six months. |
Schizophreniform disorder
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Which DSM definition is this?
Symptoms of schizophrenia coinciding with symptoms of depression or mania, but at least a two week period when only symptoms of schizophrenia present. |
Schizoaffective disorder
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Which DSM definition is this?
Presense of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior for at least one day but less than one month. |
Brief psychotic disorder.
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Which DSM definition is this?
The individual in a close relationship with someone who is delusional with similar delusions. |
Shared psychotic disorder.
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Which DSM definition is this?
Hallucinations or delusions caused by the direct physiological effects of a substance (such as Cocaine) |
Substance-induced psychotic disorder.
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What percentage of people in the US are diagnosed with schizophrenia at some point in their lives?
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1-2%
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What percentage of people around the globe are diagnosed with schizophrenia at some point in their lives?
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0.5-1%
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What are the races in terms of diagnosis of schizophrenia by race?
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African Americans, European Americans, Hispanics.
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What fact sticks out about African Americans and schizophrenia?
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African Americans are more likely than other groups to be misdiagnosed with schizophrenia, when they are actually suffering from mood disorders.
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Which gender is more likely to suffer from schizophrenia?
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Men.
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Why are women with schizophrenia more likely to achieve more in their lives than men?
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The onset of schizophrenia in women tends to be later in life, often in the late twenties or thirties for women, and often in the late teens and early twenties for men.
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Which gender shows fewer cognitive deficits particularly in verbal processing?
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Women.
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Which gender shows greater abnormality in the brain structure and functioning?
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Males.
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What is the definition of postive, or Type 1 symptoms?
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Symptoms that are characterized by the presence of unusual thoughts or behaviors. Positive refers to the fact that these symptoms represent very salient experiences.
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What is the definiton of negative or Type 2 symptoms?
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Symptoms that represent losses or deficits in certain domains. They involve the absence of behaviors, rather than the presence of behaviors.
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What are some common things that people with schizophrenia suffer from?
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People with schizophrenia may also suffer with depression, anxiety, substance abuse, inappropriate affect, anhedonia, and impaired social skills.
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What common symptoms do type 1 symptoms include?
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Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought and speech, and disorganized or catatonic behavior.
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What is the definition of delusions?
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Ideas that an individual believes are true but are highly unlikely and often simply impossible.
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What are the 3 difference between self deceptions and delusions?
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1) Self decptions are not completely implausible, whereas delusions often are.
2)People harboring self decptions may think about these beliefs occaisonally but people harboring delusions tend to be preoccupied with them. 3)People holding self deceptions typically acknowledge that their beliefs may be wrong, but people harboring delusions are often resistant to facts contridicting their delusions. |
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Which definition is this?
Unreal perceptual or sensory experiences. |
Hallucination.
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Which definiton is this?
Grossly disorganized patterns of speech and thought. |
Disorganized thought and speech.
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Which definiton is this?
Behavior that is highly unpredictable, is bizarre, and/or shows a complete lack of responsiveness to the outside world. |
Disorganized or catatonic behavior.
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Which definition is this?
False belief that oneself or one's loved ones are being persecuted, watched, or conspired against by others. EX: CIA watching you. |
Persecutory delusion.
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Which definition is this?
Belief that random events are directed at oneself. EX: Newscaster reporting on your movements. |
Delusion of reference.
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Which definition is this?
False belief that one has great power, knowledge, or talent or that one is a famous and powerful person. |
Grandoise delusion.
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Which definition is this?
Beliefs that ones thoughts, feelings, or behaviors are being controlled or imposed by an external force. |
Delusions of being controlled
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Which definition is this?
Belief that one's thoughts are being broadcast from one's mind for others to hear. |
Thought broadcasting.
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Which definition is this?
Belief that another person or object is inserting thoughts into ones head. |
Thought insertion.
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Which definition is this?
Belief that thoughts are being removed from one's head by another person or object. |
Thought withdrawl.
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Which definition is this?
False belief that one has committed a terrible act or is responsible for a terrible event. |
Delusion of sin or guilt.
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Which definition is this?
False belief that one's appearance or part of one's body is diseased or altered. |
Somatic delusion.
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What do cultures and delusions have do do with each other?
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Although types of delusions we have discussed probably occur in all cultures, the specifc content of delusions may differ across cultures.
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Which definiton is this?
Hearing voices and so on, it is the most common type of hallucination, and it is even more common in women than men. |
Auditory hallucination.
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Which definition is this?
The second most common type of hallucinations it is often accompanied by auditory hallucinations. |
Visual Hallucinations.
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Which definition is this?
Invovles the perception that something is happening to the outside of one's body. |
Tactile hallucinations.
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Which definition is this?
Involves the perception that something is happening inside ones body? |
Somatic hallucinations.
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Which definition is this?
The disorganized thinking of people with schizophrenia. |
Formal thought disorder.
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What are some common struggles of people who suffer from schizophrenia?
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-incoherant speech
-problems paying attention -rapid eye movement -working memory |
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Which definition is this?
A situation in which a person becomes wildly agitated for no apparent reason and is difficult to subdue. |
Catatonic excitement.
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Which definition is this?
A severe reduction in, or even the complete absence of, affective (emotional) responses to the environment. |
Affective flattening.
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Which definition is this?
Incideces such as laughing or crying at inappropriate times. |
Inappropriate affect.
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Which definition is this?
Severe reduction or complete absence of speech. |
Alogia.
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Which definition is this?
Inability to persist at common, goal oriented tasks. |
Avolition.
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Which definition is this?
Loss of interest in everything in life. |
Anhedonia.
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Which definition is this?
Symptoms that are present before people go into the acute phase of schizophrenia. |
Prodromal symptoms.
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Which definition is this?
Symptoms that are present after they come out of the acute phase. |
Residual symptoms.
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What are the core symptoms that a patient must meet, according to the DSM to be diagnosed with schizophrenia?
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Two or more of the following present for at least one month.
1) Delusions 2) Hallucinations 3) Disorganized speech 4) Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5) negative symptoms |
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What definition is this?
Significant impairment in work, academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and/or self care. |
Social/Occupational functioning- must be impaired to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
Continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months. |
Duration- must be met in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia.
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What is the main difference between schizoaffective disorder and mood disorders with psychotic features?
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In schizoaffective disorder people experience schizophrenic symptoms, specifically delusions and hallucinations, in the absense of mood symptoms for at least two weeks.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that includes delusions and hallucinations with themes of persecution and grandiosity. |
Paranoid schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that includes incoherence in cognition, speech, and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect. |
Disorganized schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that includes nearly total unresponsivness to the environment, as well as motor and verbal abnormalities. |
Catatonic schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that includes diagnoses when a person experiences schizophrenic symptoms but does not meet the criteria for paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic schizophrenia. |
Undifferentiated schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that includes a history of at least one episode of acute positive symptoms but currently no prominent positive symptoms. |
Residual schizophrenia.
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What do birth defects and schizophrenia have in common?
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Serious prenatal birth difficulties are more frequent in histories of people with schizophrenia than those of people without schizophrenia.
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Which definition is this?
Oxygen deprivation during labor and delivery. |
Perinatal hypoxia.
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What percentage of people with schizophrenia have a history of perinatal hypoxia?
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30%
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What have studies shown about influenza during pregnancy and schizophrenia?
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Epidemiological studies have shown high rates of schizophrenia among persons whose mothers were exposed to influenza virus while pregnant.
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What neurotransmitters are associated with schizophrenia?
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-Dopamine
-Serotonin -GABA |
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What are phenothiazines?
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Drugs that tend to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.
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What do increased levels of dopamine do to the brain of someone with schizophrenia?
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Drugs that increase the functional level of dopamine in the brain, such as amphetamines, tend to increase the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
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What is the function of atypical antipsychotics?
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They work to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia by binding D4 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway, blocking the action of dopamine in this system.
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What does the evidence say about schizophrenia being genetic?
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There is strong evidence for a genetic contribution to schizophrenia, although genetics do not fully explain who has the disorder.
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What do the brains of schizophrenics look like?
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Many people with schizophrenia show significant structural and functional abnormalities in the brain, including low frontal activity and enlarged ventricles.
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What does comprehensive treatment for people with schizophrenia entail?
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1) providing them with medications to help quell the symptoms
2) therapy to help them cope with the consequences of the disorder 3) social services to aid in their reintegration into society, and to ensure that they have access to all the resources they need. |
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What are some ways that people have tried to deal with schizophrenia in the past and present?
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-Surgery
-Insulin coma therapy -ECT -Warehouse them -Antipsychotic drugs -Atypical Antipsychotics drugs |
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What do phenothiazines do?
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Calm agitation and reduce hallucinations and delusions in patients with schizophrenia. -- The appear to work by blocking receptors for dopamine, thereby reducing dopamine's actions in the brain.
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What are some common phenothiazine drugs?
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Thorazine, Stelazine, Mellaril, Prolixin
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What are some common neuroleptics?
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Haldol, Navane
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What percentage of people with schizophrenia do not respond to neuroleptics?
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25%
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What are some common side effects of neuroleptics?
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Grogginess, dry mouth, blurred vision, drooling, sexual dysfunction, visual disturbances, weight changes, constipation, menstral disturbances, and depression.
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Which definition is this?
An agitation that causes people to pace and be unable to sit still. |
Akathesis
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Which definition is this?
A condition that involves movements of the tongue, face, mouth, or jaw. |
Tardive dyskinesia.
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What does the drug clazopine do?
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Binds the d4 dopamine receptor, but it also influences several other neurotransmitters, including serotonin.
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What is a benefactor of psychological interventions?
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They can help people increase their social skills and reduce their isolation and immobility.
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What is a cognitive intervention?
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An intervention that helps people with schizophrenia recognize demoralizing attitudes they may have toward their illness and then change those attitudes, so they can seek help when they need it and will perticipate in society as best they can.
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What is a behavioral intervention?
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Interventions based on social learning theory, include the use of operant conditioning and modeling to teach persons with schizophrenia skills such as initiating and maintaining conversations with others, asking for help when necessary, and persisting in activities such as cooking and cleaning.
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What is a social intervention?
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An intervention that includes increasing contact between people with schizophrenia and supportive others, often through self-help support groups.
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