Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the purpose of drugs to help with mental disorders?
|
These drugs are thought to relieve psychological symptoms by correcting imbalances of neurotransmitters in the brain.
|
|
|
Other than drugs what are some biological treatments for mental disorders?
|
ECT, psychosurgery, and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
|
|
|
How were most drugs invented?
|
By accident.
|
|
|
What does neuroleptic mean?
|
That a drug depresses the activity of the nervous system.
|
|
|
What is the purpose of antipsychotic drugs?
|
Reduce the symptoms of psychosis (loss of reality testing, hallucinations, delusions).
|
|
|
What is the purpose of antidepressant drugs?
|
Reduce to the symptoms of depression (sadness, loss of appetite, sleep disturbances)
|
|
|
What is the purpose of lithium?
|
Reduce the symptoms of mania (agitation, excitement, gradoisity)
|
|
|
What is the purpose of antianxiety drugs?
|
Reduce symptoms of anxiety (fearfulness, worry, tension)
|
|
|
What are some common examples of antipsychotic drugs?
|
Thorazine (a phenothaizine)
Haldol (a butyrophenone) Clozaril (an atypical antipsychotic) |
|
|
What are some common examples of antidepressant drugs?
|
-Parnate (an MAOI)
-Elavil (a tricyclic) -Prozac (an SSRI) |
|
|
What are some common examples of lithium drugs?
|
Lithobid
Cibalith-s |
|
|
What are some common examples of antianxiety drugs?
|
Nembutal (a barbituate)
Valium (a benzodiazepine) |
|
|
What is special about atypical antipsychotics?
|
They seem to be effective in treating psychosis without inducing some of the serious side effects of phenothiazines and butyrophenone.
|
|
|
What are some reasons why SSRIs are so popular?
|
Many people can tolerate the side effects better than those of tricyclics. They also are useful in treating depression, anxiety, poor impulse control, and eating disorders.
|
|
|
Other than lithium what are some drugs known to treat mania?
|
Anticonvulsants and calcium channel blockers.
|
|
|
What is one disadvantage of anxtianxiety medication?
|
While they are helpful for rest and sleep they are addictive.
|
|
|
How do benzodiazepines work?
|
They appear to reduce the symptoms of anxiety without interfering substancially with an individual's ability to function in daily life.
|
|
|
What is the most common use of benzodiazepine?
|
Sleeping pills.
|
|
|
What is are some side effects of benzodiazepines?
|
They are addictive.
|
|
|
What does St. John's wort do?
|
It is an herbal remedy for derpession.
|
|
|
What does Valerian do?
|
It is an herbal form of a mild sedative that produces no morning hangover.
|
|
|
What does Kava do?
|
It is widely used as a tranquilizing beverage, and can be used to relieve short term stress and anxiety.
|
|
|
What does Ginko do?
|
It is an antioxidant that enhances cognitive functioning in people with memory impairments.
|
|
|
What is the goal of humanistic therapy?
|
To help clients discover their greatest potential through self exploration.
|
|
|
What is unique about person centered therapy?
|
It is focused on self healing within the person.
|
|
|
What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the Neural crest?
|
1. ANS
2. Dorsal root ganglia 3. CN 4. celiac ganglion 5. melanocytes 5. chromaffin cells- adrenal medulla (CATECHOLAMINES) 5. enterochromaffin cells 6. parafollicular C CELLS of THYROID 7. Schwann cells 8. Pia, Arachnoid 9. BONES of SKULL 10. Odontoblasts (TEETH) 11. Laryngeal CARTILAGE 12. Aorticopulmonary SEPTUM |
|
|
What is reflection?
|
It is a method of responding in which the therapist expresses an attempt to understand what the client is experiencing and tryin gto communicate.q
|
|
|
What kind of disorders has client centered therapy been used to treat?
|
Depression, alcoholism, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and personality disorders.
|
|
|
What do behavior therapies focus on?
|
Identifying the reinforcements and punishments contributing to a person's maladaptive behaviors and on changing specific behaviors.
|
|
|
What is the foundation of behavior therapy built on?
|
The client's assesment.
|
|
|
What goes right along with systematic desensitization?
|
Modeling.
|
|
|
What is removal of the reinforcements? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Removes the individual from the reinforcing situation or environment.
|
|
|
What is Aversion therapy? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Makes the situation of stimulus that was once reinforcing reinforcing no longer reinforcing.
|
|
|
What are relaxation exercises? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Helps the individual voluntarily control physiological manifestations of anxiety.
|
|
|
What are Distraction techniques? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Helps the individual temporarily distract from anxiety-producing situations; diverts attention from physiological manifestations of anxiety.
|
|
|
What are Flooding, or implosive techniques? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Exposes the individual to the dreaded of feared stimulus while preventing avoidant behavior.
|
|
|
What is systematic desensiziation? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Pairs the implementation of relaxation techniques with the hierachial exposure to the aversive stimulus.
|
|
|
What is response shaping through operant conditioning? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Pairs rewards with desired behaviors.
|
|
|
What is behavioral contracting? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Provides rewards for reaching proximal goals.
|
|
|
What are modeling and observational learning ? (Behavioral therapy for mental disorders)
|
Models desired behaviors, so that the client can learn through observation.
|
|
|
What is challenging idiosyncratic meaning? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Exploring personal meaning attached to the client's words and asking the client to consider alternatives.
|
|
|
What structures are shared/separate in the case of monozygotic twins?
|
1 chorion
1 placenta 2 amniotic sacs if split EARLY in dvlpts: 2 placenta, 2 chorion, 2 amniotic sacs conjointed twins: 1 chorion, 1 amniotic sac |
|
|
What is reattribution? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Helps the client distribute responsibility for events appropriately.
|
|
|
What is Examining options and alternatives? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Helps the client generate alternative actions to maladaptive ones.
|
|
|
What is Decatastophizing? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Helps the client evaluate whether he or she is overestimating the nature of a situation.
|
|
|
What is fantacizing consequences? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Explores fantasies of a feared situation; if unrealistic, the client may not recognize this; if realistic, work on effective coping strategies.
|
|
|
What is Examining advantages and disadvantages? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Examining advantages and disadvantages of an issue; to instill broader perspective.
|
|
|
What is Turning Adversity to advantage? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Exploring ways that difficult situations can be transformed into opportunities.
|
|
|
What is guided association? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Helps the client see connections between different throughts or ideas.
|
|
|
What is scaling? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Asks the client to rate his or her emotions or thoughts on scales to help gain perspective.
|
|
|
What is Thought stopping? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
provides the client with ways of stopping a cascade of negative thoughts
|
|
|
What is Distraction? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Helps the client find benign or positive distractions to take attention away temporarily from negative thoughts or emotions.
|
|
|
What is labeling of distrotions? (Cognitive therapies for mental disorders)
|
Provides labels for specific types of distorted thinking to help the client gain more distance and perspective.
|
