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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What class of substance does alcohol belong?
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Alcohol is a classic central nervous system depressant.
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In low doses, how does alcohol affect the brain?
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In low doses, alcohol causes many people to feel:
-self confident -euphoric -relaxed -less inhibited |
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In high doses how does alcohol affect the brain?
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In high doses alcohol makes people feel:
-depressed -fatigued -lethargic -decreased motivation -sleep disturbances -bad moods -confusion |
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What is different about the legal definition of alcohol intoxication and diagnosis for intoxication.
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It is a much narrower criteria. The bar is set lower, so that people don't harm the public at large.
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What percentage of alcohol related deaths occurs as a result of respiratory paralysis?
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1/3
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What is the cause of most deaths related to alcohol?
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Automobile accidents, private plane and boat accidents and drowning.
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What percentage of all fatal automobile accidents are related to alcohol?
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Nearly half.
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How many murders and suicides are related to alcohol?
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More than half.
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What are the three types of alcoholics?
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1) Some people drink large amounts of alcohol every day and plan their days around their drinking
2) Others obstain from drinking for long periods of time and then go on binges, which last days or weeks. 3) Some are sober during the weekdays but drink heavily during the evenings or weekends. |
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What percentage of Americans have reported binge drinking in the last month?
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23%
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What percentage of college students report binge drinking in the last month?
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44%--Compared with 39% of their age cohorts not in college.
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Whome is binge drinking especially common for?
What percentage say they have binged in the last 2 weeks? |
Fraternities and sororities
76% |
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What does evidence say about the origins of alcohol dependence?
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Alcohol dependence is a heterogenous disorder and that different subtypes of alcohol dependence have different causes and prognoses.
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What are some differences between antisocial alcoholics and nonantisocial alcoholics?
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Antisocial alcoholics have more severe symptoms of alcoholism, tend to remain alcoholics for longer, have poorer social functioning, have more marital failures, and have heavier drug involvement, compared with nonantisocial alcoholics.
ALSO they are more likely to come from families with alcoholism and tend to have begun drinking earlier than nonantisocial alcoholics. |
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What is common of children of antisocial alcoholics?
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They are more likely to have behavior problems than are the children of nonantisocial alcoholics.
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What is common of people with negative affect alcoholism?
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People with negative affect alcoholism tend to have had depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence and to have only begun severe alcohol use and abuse in adulthood.
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Is negative affect alcoholism more common in women or men?
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Women.
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What is the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?
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1) Usually begins within hours and includes:
-the shakes -weakness -profuse persperation -jitters -headache -nausea -cramps -restlessness -irregular heartbeat -hallucinations 2) 12 hrs after stopping includes:-seizures 3) DTs --includes -Hallucinations -delusions -little sleep -agitation -disorientation -fever -sweating -irregular heartbeat |
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What percentage of people with alcohol dependence ever experience seizures or DTs?
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11%
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Which people are DTs common among?
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People who drink large amounts in single sittings, or who have additional mental illnesses.
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Which systems of the body does prolonged alcohol use effect?
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-Stomach
-Esophagus -Pancreas -Liver |
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What is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol abuse and dependence?
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Low grade hypertension.
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Why are alcohol users often malnourished?
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-Chronic alcohol ingestion decreases the absorption of critical nutrients
-most alcoholics "drink" their meals. |
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What do thiamine dificiencies lead to when associated with alcoholism?
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-Numbness in extremities
-deterioration in muscles -Loss of the visual acuity |
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Which definition is this?
A permanent cognitive disorder caused by damage to the central nervous system, and consists of two syndromes. |
Alcohol-induced persisting amnesic disorder.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that invovles mental confusion and disorientation and in severe states, coma. |
Wernicke's Encephalopathy.
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Which definition is this?
A disorder that involves a loss of memory for recent events and problems in recalling distant events. |
Korsakoff's psychosis.
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Which definition is this?
The loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgement or problem sovling, often accompanied by personality changes, such as increases in paranoia. |
Alcohol-induced dementia.
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What percentage of people suffer from alcohol induced dementia?
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9%
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What is a common cause of adult dementia?
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Chronically abusing alcohol.
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Which definition is this?
This syndrome is characterized by retarded growth, facial abnormalities, central nervous system damage, mental retardation, motor abnormalities, tremors, hyperactivity, heart defects, and skeletal abnormalities. |
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
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What is common of children who are exposed to alcohol in the womb?
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Children exposed to alcohol in the womb are slower physically by six years of age, and have deficits in learning and memory skills at 10 years of age.
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What is one reason why alcoholism rates are lower for Eastern Mediterranean countries and African countries?
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The influences of Islam and its prohibitions against alcohol.
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What is one reason why alcohol rates for Southeast Asia are low?
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Because 50% of Asian people experience severe negative reactions toward alcohol.
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What are the most common disorders in the United States?
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Alcohol dependence and abuse.
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Which group in the United States is at huge risk for alcohol dependence?
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Native Americans.
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Which group in the United States is at huge risk for alcohol dependence?
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Native Americans.
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How many times more likely are Native Americans to die from alcohol related death?
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Five times.
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What are some reasons why Native Americans may be at higher risk than others?
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Exessive rates of poverty and unemployment, lower education, and greater sense of hopelessness and helplessness.
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Which sex is more likley to begin drinking, binge drink, drink heavily, and to have alcohol use disorders?
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Men.
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Which areas are notorious for having high rates of alcoholism?
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Americas, Europe, Western Pacific.
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Which areas are notorious for low rates of alcoholism?
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Africa, Eatern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia.
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What are the reasons why elderly people are less likely than younger adults to abuse alcohol?
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1) With age the liver metabolizes alcohol slower-- they get drunk quicker and longer
2) Mature people make better choices 3) Older people have stronger prohibitions toward alcohol 4) People with alcohol problems probably die before they reach elderly age. |
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What are the different types of substance disorders?
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-Substance intoxication
-Substance withdrawal -Substance abuse -Substance dependence |
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What is the meaning of substance intoxication?
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An experience of maladaptive behavioral and psychological symptoms due to the effect of a substance on the central nervous system.
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What is the meaning of substance dependence?
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A diagnosis given when a person's substance use leads to physiological dependence or significant impairment or distress.
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What is the meaning of substance abuse?
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A diagnosis given when a person's recurrent substance leads to significant harmful consquences.
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What is the meaning of substance withdrawal?
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An experience of clinically significant distress in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning due to the cessation or the reduction of substance use.
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What is the definition of tolerance?
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A condition present when a person experiences less and less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs greater and greater of the substance in order to acheive intoxication.
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What is the definition of alcohol abuse?
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A condition diagnosed in people who use alcohol in dangerous situations (such as when driving), fail to meet important obligations at work or home as a result of their alcohol use, and have recurrent legal or social problems as a result of alcohol.
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