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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Durkheim's Theory of Suicide suggest?
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-That social ties and integration into a society help prevent suicide if the society discourages suicide and supports individuals in overcoming negative situations in ways other than suicide. However, if a society supports suicide as an act that benefits the society in some situations, then ties with such a society may actually promote suicide.
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What is a suicide cluster?
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When two or more suicides or attempted suicides nonrandomly bunched in space or time, such as a series of attempts in the same high school or a series of completed suicides committed after the suicide of a celebrity.
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What does Thomas Joiner argue about suicide clusters?
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-People who are at risk for suicide because of psychopathology, life problems, or lack of social support from families, may be more likely to gravitate together.
-Severe negative events can be triggers for suicide, and these negative events often happen to groups of people as well as to individuals. |
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What does the Psychodynamic Theory of Suicide say?
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Suicide is the extreme expression of anger at the love object who has abandoned the person.
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What does the Mental Disorders Theory of Suicide say?
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Several mental disorders increase the risk of suicide, including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse, and anxiety disorders.
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What does the Impusivity Theory of Suicide say?
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People who commit suicide have a general tendency toward implusive acts.
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What does the Cognitive Theory of Suicide say?
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Hopelessness and dichotomous thinking increase the risk for suicide.
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What percentage of people who commit suicide had a mental disorder?
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Over 90%.
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What is the most common disorder among people who commit suicide?
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Mood disorder.
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What are some examples of other disorders that are associated with suicide?
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-Borderline PD
-Conduct Disorder (disruptive behavioral) -Alcohol and Substance Abuse Disorders -Anxiety Disorders -Anorexia -Schizophrenia |
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What is a psychological autopsy?
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An analysis of the person's moods, thoughts, and behaviors based on the reports of family and friends and the individual's writings-after the suicide has occurred.
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What is an assortative relationship?
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A type of relationship that forms with others that posses similar qualities or problems.
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What percentage of people with schizophrenia commit suicide?
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10-15%
*That is 20 times higher than in the general population.` |
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What is the definition of hopelessness?
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The sense that the future is bleak and there is no way of making it more positive.
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What is the definition of dichotomous thinking?
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Seeing everything in either/or terms. -The inflexibility makes it more difficult for them to consider alternative sollutions to their situations or simply to hold out until the suicidal feelings pass.
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What does the Genetic Theory of Suicide say?
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-Suicide runs in families-
-Disordered genes increase the risk for suicide. |
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What does the Nuerotransmitter Theory of Suicide say?
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Deficiences in serotonin lead to impulsive, violent, and suicidal behavior.
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What do suicide notes suggest?
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Suicide notes suggest that mental anguish and escape from pain are behind many suicides.
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What effect do negative life events have on suicide?
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Negative life events or circumstances increase the risk for suicide, including economic hardship, serious illness, loss and abuse.
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What is expected to happen to rates of depression by the year 2020?
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By the year 2020, depression is expected to be the fourth leading cause of disability in the world.
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What percentage of people with bipolar disorder and percentage of people with major depression will seek out treatment?
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In any given year, about 60% of people suffering from bipolar disorder and about half of people suffering from major depression will seek out treatment for their disorder.
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How long do most people wait to seek treatment?
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Most often, the people who eventually seek treatment wait a number of years after their symptoms begin to obtain any help.
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In terms of biological treatments, what are the most popular ones?
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Drug treatments.
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What is the number one treatment for bipolar disorder?
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Lithium.
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What are some common types of medication for mood disorders?
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-Antidepressants (tricyclics, monamine oxidase inhibitors, SSRIs), lithium, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and antipsychotics.
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How do medications for mood disorders work?
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Alter the levels of neurotransmitters or sensitivity of receptors for them.
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How does ECT work?
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An electrical current is applied to the brain; may increase permeability of the blood-brain barrier, cause a release of neurotransmitters, stimulate the hypothalamus, increase sensitivity of receptors.
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How does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation work?
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Exposes patients to repeated, high-intensity magnetic pulses focused on particular brain structures; may change the functioning of neurotransmitters.
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How does Vagus Nerve Stimulation work?
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Stimulated by a small electronic device much like a pacemaker, which is surgically implanted under a patients skin in the left chest wall; may increase activity in the hypothalamus and amygdala.
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How does light therapy work?
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Exposes an individual to bright light; may "reset" circadian rhythms.
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What do Tricyclic Antidepressants do?
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-They help reduce the symptoms of depression by preventing the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotinin in the synapse.
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Are tricyclic antidepressants effective?
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Reasonably effective, leading to the relief of acute symptoms
of depression in about 60% of people |
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What do Monoamine oxidase inhibitors do?
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MAO is an enzyme that causes the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the synapse.--MAOIs decrease the MAO enzyme.
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Are MAOIs effective?
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MAOIs are as effective as the tricyclic antidepressants, but physicians are more cautious in perscribing them because their side effects are potentially more dangerous.
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What are some examples of things that can interfere with MAOIs?
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Aged or ripened cheeses, red wine, beer chocolate, antihypertention medications, and antihistamines.
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How are SSRIs similar/different than tricyclic antidepressants?
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-Similar in structure, but SSRIs work more directly to affect serotonin than do the tricyclics.
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Are SSRIs effective?
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About the same percentage of people respond to an SSRI as respond to a tricyclic or an MAOI.
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What are some advantages of SSRIs?
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1) Many people begin experiening relief sooner
2) Side effects tend to be less severe 3) These drugs do not tend to be fatal in overdose. 4) SSRIs are helpful in other areas such as anxiety, binge eating and PMS. |
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What is the most common side effect of SSRIs?
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Increased agitation or nervousness.
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What are SSNRIs?
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Some antidepressants that were designed to affect the levels of norepinephrine as well as serotonin.
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Why do most physicians begin giving SSRIs when treating people for depression?
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Because the side effects are least significant.
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How many volts are given during ECT?
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70-130 volts.
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How many sessions are used in ECT?
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6-12 sessions.
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When is ECT usually given, and is it effective?
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Most often given to people with depression who have not responded to drug therapies, and it relieves depression in 50-60% of these people.
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What are some of the reasons in which ECT is controversial?
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-It was sometimes used as punishment not therapy
- Can lead to memory loss and difficulty learning new info -Rate of relapse with ECT is like 85% -Electrical currents often frighten people |
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Who is most likely to recieve ECT?
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Older, white, privately insured, and affluent people.
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