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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These places were refuges for the confinement and care of people with mental illness.
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Asylums
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in 1547, this hospital was handed over to the city of London and devoted solely to the confinement of people with mental illness.
(Deplorable Conditions) |
The Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem
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Asylum that was constructed in Vienna in 1784. People here could be viewed by passerby.
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Lunatics Tower
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Humane treatment for patients in psychiatric hospitals. It followed the approach at La Bicetre. With the ______ _______ approach, patients were encouraged to engage in purposeful activity, remained in close contact with attendants, and led lives as close to normal as possible. There were to be no more than 250 persons in a given hospital.
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Moral Treatment
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Primary figure in the movement for humanitarian treatment of people with mental illness in asylums. Put in charge of large asylum in Paris, La Bicetra during the French Revolution.
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Philippe Pinel
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Boston school teacher who was the crusader for improving conditions for people with mental illness. Fought to have hospitals created for their care.
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Dorothea Dix
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These are two opposing perspectives on the etiology of mental disorders.
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Somatogenic and Psychogenic
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Etiology that refers to the physical origins of mental disorder.
Biological abnormalities of the brain. Led to the treatment of lobotomy |
Somatogenic Approach
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Etiology that refers to psychological problems of mental disorder. Psychoanalytic and humanistic psychology derived from this.
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Psychogenic Approach
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The study of enhancement of positive feelings. Happiness and optimism.
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Positive Psychology
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This is used to describe a variety of techniques intended to reduce the cost of providing health benefits and improve the quality of care.
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Manged Care
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The study of the frequency and distribution of illness in a population.
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Epidemiology
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In epidemiological studies of a particular disorder, the rate at which new cases occur in a given place at a given time.
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Incidence
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In epidemiological studies of a disorder, the percentage of a population that has the disorder at the given time.
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Prevalence
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Any inactive therapy or chemical agent, or any attribute or component of such a therapy or chemical, that affects a person's behavior for reasons related to his or her expectation of change.
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Placebo
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A method of assigning people to groups by chance. The procedure helps to ensure that groups are comparable before the experimental manipulation begins.
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Random Assignment
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An observational study in which the subjects to be observed are not randomly assigned to different groups in order to measure outcomes, as in a randomized experiment, but grouped according to a characteristic that they already possess.
This is commonly used in the social sciences, where often it's not practical or ethical to set up the independent variable as in a true experiment. |
Quasi-experiment
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Chemicals that allow neurons to send a signal across the synapse to another neuron.
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Neurotransmitters
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Examples of neurotransmitters:
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Dopamine, serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, melatoni, histamine, flutamate, prolactin, oxytocin, tyramine, acetylcholine
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These neurotransmitters are involved in depression, mania, and schizophrenia:
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Dopamine and Serotonin
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This Neurotransmitter communicates with the sympathetic nervous system:
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Norepinephrine
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Xanax and Valium are examples of ______ ______ medications
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Anti-anxiety
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Risperdal, zyprexa and seroquil are examples of ___ _____ medications.
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Anti-Psychotic
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Prozac, Zoloft, SSRI's are examples of ____ ______ medications.
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Anti-depression
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Heart Palpitations, sweats, panic are symptoms of someone who's having:
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An anxiety attack
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Psychiatric treatment in which seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effect. Its mode of action is unknown. Today, ECT is most often recommended for use as a treatment for severe depression which has not responded to other treatment.
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Electric Shock Treatment
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Developed by Freud. This paradigm explains that psychopathology resulted from unconscious conflicts in the individual. (Mainly the id's drives)
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Psychodynamic Theory
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Freud divided the mind, into three principal parts:
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The Id, Ego, and Superego
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This part of the psyche is present at birth. This is a persons basic urgers for food, water, elimination, warmth, affection. Unconscious wants/needs.
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Id
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This part of the psyche develops from the id around 6 months of life. This is primarily conscious and deals with reality.
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Ego
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This is a person's conscious, according to Freud. This develops throughout childhood. (Ex: bed-wetting is not acceptable)
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Superego
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strategy used by the ego to protect itself from anxiety.
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Defense mechanism
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The inappropriate redirection of feelings present of a relationship that was important in a person's childhood.
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transference
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The redirection of a therapist's feelings toward a patient, or more generally, as a therapist's emotional entanglement with a patient.
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counter-transference
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General view of how people can be understood by studying how they perceive and structure their experiences and how this influences behavior.
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Cognitive Behavioral Paradigm
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Introduced by B.F. Skinner. This applies to behavior that operates on the environment.
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Operant conditioning
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He originated the study of operant conditioning. Wrote the book, Walden Two.
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B.F. Skinner
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This refers to the strengthening of a tendency to respond by virtue of the presentation of a pleasant event.
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Positive reinforcement
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This refers to the strengthening of a response, but it does so via the removal of an aversive event (like the cessation of electric shock)
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Negative reinforcement
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Discovered by Ivan Pavlov
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Classical Conditioning
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Basic form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with anther stimulus that naturally elicits a certain desired response. After repeated trials, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned response.
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Classical Conditioning
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Psychologist who studied social learning and aggression. He researched modeling in human behavior and mechanisms of observational learning.
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Bandura
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Also known as modeling:
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Observational learning
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Type of learning that occurs as a function of observing, retaining and replicating novel behavior executed by others.
Most importantly takes place in childhood, where authority becomes important. |
Observational learning or Modeling
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The extent to which a test, measurement, or classification system produces the same scientific observation each time it is applied.
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Reliability
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The relationship between the judgments that at least two raters make, independently.
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interrater
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The degree to which different items of an assessment are related to one another.
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Internal consistency
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The extent to which results can be confidently attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable.
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Internal validity
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The extent to which results can be generalized to other populations and settings.
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External validity
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The extent to which previously undiscovered features are found among patients with the same diagnosis.
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Concurrent validity
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The extent to which predictions can be made about the future behavior of patients with the same diagnosis.
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Predictive validity
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The process of constructing a normed assessment procedure that meets the various psychometric criteria or reliability and validity.
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Standardization
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A general model or approach that states that biological, psychological, and social factors all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness.
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Biopsychosocial Model
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A psychological theory that explains behavior as both a result of biological and genetic factors ("nature"), and life experiences ("nurture").
Nature vs. Nurture |
Diathesis Stress Model
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This disorder is typical of CFO' and CEO's. Will hurt others in order to persevere.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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This disorder is linked to feeling empty. Fearful of abandonment. These people like to cause scenes and commotions.
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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These people like to be noticed. Walk into a room in feathers and glitter. Want to be seen and heard.
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Histrionic Personality Disorder
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These people show no shame or guilt. Lack anxiety, remorse.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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These people have phobias
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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What Cluster are these?
Paranoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizotypal Personality Disorder |
Odd Cluster (3)
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What Cluster are these?
Borderline Personality Disorder Narcissistic Personality Disorder Histrionic Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder |
Dramatic Cluster (4)
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What Cluster are these?
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder Dependent Personality Disorder Avoidant Personality Disorder |
Anxious Cluster (3)
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Uniform
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Standardization
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Does the test measure what it's supposed to measure?
This would be an example of ____ ? |
Validity
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Consistency of assessment measures
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Reliability
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Degree of agreement among raters
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Inter-rater reliability
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A study requires 3 things:
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Reliability
Standardization Validity (RSV) |
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This study has to do with relationships and associations. It's not based on cause/effect.
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Correlation Method
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