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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anxiety
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Emotional underpinnings of psychopathology: apprehension over an anticipated future problem, negative mood state, adaptive
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a small degree of anxiety improves performance.
too much anxiety interfers with performance. Most common disorder-estimated 28% have experienced anxiety disorders. |
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Fear
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reaction to immediate danger; activates with ANS & combines with subjective sense to fight or flight
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Criteria for Panic Attacks
4 or more |
palpitations, pounding heart, sweating, trembling, sensations of shortness of breath, feeling of chokin, chest pain or discomfort, nausea-abdominal distress, feeling dizzzy, lightheaded or faint, derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control or going crazy, fear of dying, chills or hot flashes, paresthesias
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3 basic types: situationally bounded: cued
unexpected:uncued situationally predisposed. |
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Biological contributions for anxiety
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Polygenic, specific brain circuits and neurotransmitters.
Twin studies suggest heritability; 1st degree relatives 8x more likely to develop-if onset before age 20 then 20x more likely to have PD. Tendency to become anxious is inherited (GAD) |
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Neurobiological NT for Anxiety
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Deficits in GABA-decreased levels increase anxiety.
High levels of NE-sudden/severe increases linked to panic attacks. Deficts in Serotonin functioning: modulatory effects on other NTs, dense projections to amygdala |
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Neurobiological Brain Circuits PD
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Brainstem-Limbic-Cortical
increased activity in amygdala-decreased in mPFC CRF system. |
effects limbic system, NE center, PFC and key NT systems.
BIS-activated by signals descending from cortex to ascending from brainstem. |
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Environmental interactions on brain circuits
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sensitivity can be altered.
cigarette smoking as a teen 20x higher risk of PD, 15x GAD |
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Personality Risk Factors PD
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Behavorial Inhibition:tendency to become agitated & cry in novel settings; social phobia or avoidant PD sig more likely in children with this.
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Neuroticism: tendency to react to events with negative affect.
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Behavioral Risk Factors PD
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cues provoke fear response.
External-similar places or situations Internal-increase HR & breathing |
Unconscious-cues may travel from eyes to amygdala
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Cognitive Risk factors PD
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perceived control: history of childhood trauma, punative parenting, inadequate coping strategies (fostered by overprotective or intrusive parenting)
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attention to threat-tendency to notice negative environmental cues
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Social Risk factors PD
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Negative life events; neg cognition can be consequence-may learn to focus on the negatives.
Response to stressors runs in families (genetic contribution to initial panic attacks) |
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Triple Vulnerability Theory
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Biological-Specific psychological-Generalized psychological vulnerability leads to Anxiety Disorders
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