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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSM-IV-TR
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classification system for abnormal behavior. generally used in the US for official diagnostic and record keeping purposes
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International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)
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The most recent version of a widely used classificatio system, including all types of disease, that was developed by the WHO.
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Reliability
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The tendency of a measure or to produce the same results when administered on two different occasions.
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Cultural differences
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involve belief and value systems, as well as behavioral styles
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Ethnic differences
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involve descent, physical characteristics, and heritage
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Kappa statistic
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a type of reliability index that corrects for chance agreement to provide a true estimate of reliability
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Validity
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the extent to which a test measures what it is intended to or purports to measure
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Ethnic identity
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The ethnic group which a person considers him or herself to be a part. Often an important factor for immigrants, and for children whose parents are of two different ethnicities. A part of a person's self-concept
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Diagnostic interview
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interview designed to gather information and assess behavior, usually for the purpose of determining seriousness and outcome, or deciding what treatment approach would be appropriate
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Therapeutic interview
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interaction between a client and therapist (although perhaps including other family members as well) Designed to help promote change in behavior and attitudes. Another term for a therapy session
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Mental status examination
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an interview, sometimes supplemented with psychological and neurological tests, used to assess an individual's intellectual function and ability to interact appropriately with the environment
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Structured interview
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also called standardized interview; use a standard series of questions to determine whether specific symptoms are present
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Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS); also Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC)
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a standardized interview procedure that provides questions, probes, and criteria for a number of different clusters of symptoms. It is widely used in both research and clinical settings
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Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID)
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a diagnostic interview that is less structured thant the widely used DIS; allows the interviewer to ask follow-up questions based on clinical judgment
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Intelligence Quotient
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traditional way of expressing a person's level of intelligence or deciation of the mean of test performance expected by those of the same age
IQ = 100(MA/CA) |
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)
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a widely used individually administered intelligence test for those over 16 yrs of age. a series of subtests of different types yield a verbal IQ, performance IQ and full scale IQ
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Verbal IQ
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one of the two subscores of the Wechsler intelligence test series. tests reflec general information or knowledge, and the ability to make abstractions
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Performance IQ
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one of the two subscores of the Wechsler intellegence test series. Reflects ability solve puzzles, copy designs, and perform other similar tasks
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Full Scale IQ
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one of the three intelligence test scores obtained from the Wechsler tests. This IQ score takes into account both verbal ability and performance and spatial skills
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
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for children between 6 and 16 yrs. uses the same general format of the WAIS and provides verbal, performance, and full scale IQs
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Weschsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
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children between ages 3 and 7. uses same general format as the WAIS and provides verbal, performance, and full scale IQs.
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Neuropsychological tests
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intended to measure various consequences of a brain abnormality, such as cognitive, sensorimotor, and perceptual skills
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Bender visual-motor gestalt test
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a classical neuropsychological test used to help diagnose abnormal brain function. The person being tested is asked to copy a series of 2-D figures. The accuracy of the copies is used as a measure
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Personality inventories
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person describes himself by answering a series of T/F questions, or rating a series of self-descriptive phrases. Most inventories yield several scores each of which is intended to descrive an aspect of personality
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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self-report personality questionnaire designed to facilitate psychiatric diagnosis
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Rorschach inkblot test
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projective test in which the individual is shown a series of ambiguous inkblots and asked to described what is seen in them
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projective techniques
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ambiguous stimulus materials that elicit subjective responses of an associative or fantasy nature
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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projective test consisting of somewhat ambiguous pictures. Subject is asked to tell a story about each picture. From these stories, personality dynamics are inferred
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Word-association test
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projective technique in which a list of words is presented one by one. Client is asked to respond to each item with the first word that comes to mind
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Rating scale
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type of test in which a person can indicate on a scale the degree of his or her agreement with each item; one of the most venerable and versatile of the personality assessment techniques
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Sentence-completion test
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projective test in which the client is presented with a series of incomplete sentences and is asked to complete each one
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Behavioral assessment
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used to identify response deficits, which are then treated through the use of behvaioral methods
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Cognitive assessment
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specification and enumeration of the typical thoughts that precede, accompany, and follow maladaptive behavior. Used in research and by cognitive behavior therapists, especially in working with depressed individuals
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relational assessment
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testing instrument used to assess a person's key social relationships
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Quality of relationahips inventory
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a way of measuring close relationships; developed to assess various aspects of close relationships with specific peopple (i.e family members, romantic partners, or friends)
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Bodily assessment
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can be described by brain imaging and EEG recordings; can be used to measure such physiological changes as pupil dilation, blood pressure, and electrical skin responses under specific conditions
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Biofeedback
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method for inducing behvaioral change in which the client learns to alter autonomic nervous system responses by monitoring them on recording instruments
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Stress
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feeling or reaction individuals have when faced with a situation that demands action from them, especially action that may be beyond their capabilities
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Vulnerability
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conditions, either internal or external, that make a person more likely to be affected adversely by stress. Factors include heredity, personality, lack of coping skills, previous negative life events, and some negative environmental factors.
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Coping Skills
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characteristic ways in which a person deals with difficulties or stress. Commonly used skills include task-directed activity, working on a problem step by step, and appropriate control of emotion
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Bereavement
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the state of having lost someone through death
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Grief
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sorrow, usually over a loss
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Adjustment disorder
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maladaptive reaction to a particular stressful condition that results in impaired functioning and symptoms in excess of what might be a normal response to the stressor; reaction must occur soon after the beginning of the stress, and reaction can be expected to decrease when stressor ceases
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Acute stress disorder
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a reaction to stress in which the symptoms appear w/in the month following the stressor. If the symptoms continue, past 1 month, the diagnosis is changed to PTSD
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Stressor
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Source of stress, pressure, or strain. Something that upsets the equilibrium of an organism
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Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)
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a widely used individually administered intelligence test for those over 16 yrs of age. a series of subtests of different types yield a verbal IQ, performance IQ and full scale IQ
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Verbal IQ
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one of the two subscores of the Wechsler intelligence test series. tests reflec general information or knowledge, and the ability to make abstractions
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Performance IQ
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one of the two subscores of the Wechsler intellegence test series. Reflects ability solve puzzles, copy designs, and perform other similar tasks
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Full Scale IQ
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one of the three intelligence test scores obtained from the Wechsler tests. This IQ score takes into account both verbal ability and performance and spatial skills
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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
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for children between 6 and 16 yrs. uses the same general format of the WAIS and provides verbal, performance, and full scale IQs
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Weschsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)
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children between ages 3 and 7. uses same general format as the WAIS and provides verbal, performance, and full scale IQs.
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Neuropsychological tests
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intended to measure various consequences of a brain abnormality, such as cognitive, sensorimotor, and perceptual skills
|
|
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Bender visual-motor gestalt test
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a classical neuropsychological test used to help diagnose abnormal brain function. The person being tested is asked to copy a series of 2-D figures. The accuracy of the copies is used as a measure
|
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Personality inventories
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person describes himself by answering a series of T/F questions, or rating a series of self-descriptive phrases. Most inventories yield several scores each of which is intended to descrive an aspect of personality
|
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
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self-report personality questionnaire designed to facilitate psychiatric diagnosis
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Rorschach inkblot test
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projective test in which the individual is shown a series of ambiguous inkblots and asked to described what is seen in them
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projective techniques
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ambiguous stimulus materials that elicit subjective responses of an associative or fantasy nature
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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projective test consisting of somewhat ambiguous pictures. Subject is asked to tell a story about each picture. From these stories, personality dynamics are inferred
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Word-association test
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projective technique in which a list of words is presented one by one. Client is asked to respond to each item with the first word that comes to mind
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Rating scale
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type of test in which a person can indicate on a scale the degree of his or her agreement with each item; one of the most venerable and versatile of the personality assessment techniques
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Dissociative disorders
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sudden, temporary alterations in the functions of consciousness, identity, or motor behavior, in which some part of one or more of these functions is lost.
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Dissociative amnesia
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selective but extensive memory loss that occurs w/o accompanying indications of injury or other organic change.
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Dissociative fugue
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an amnesic state that involves unexpected departure from one's surroundings, the assumption of a new identity, and an inability to recall or remember one's previous identity
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Dissociative identity disorder
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disorder in which a person assumes alternate personalities (aka multiple personality disorder)
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Depersonalization
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feelings of unreality or a loss of personal identity; often experienced as being someone other than oneself, or as watching oneself in a movie
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Anxiety
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generally, an unpleasant emotional state accompanied by physiolofical arousal and the cognitive elements of apprehension, guilt, and a sense of impending disaster; (not fear)
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Anxietas
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roman word which indicated a lasting state of fearfulness
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Angor
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roman word which signified a momentary state of intense fear, akin to our concept of panic
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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marked by chronic anxiety over a long period (at least several months)
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Panic disorder
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a panic disorder which consists of recurrent, sudden anxiety attacks in which the individual experiences intense terror and dread
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Phobic Disorders
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anxiety disorder in which the anxiety has an identifiable cause
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder
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anxiety disorder in which anxiety results from efforts to prevent undesirable outcomes; the individual is plagued with a recurrent need to ward off disaster by thinking about certain ideas and/or performing certain acts
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Posttraumatic stress disorder
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anxiety disorder in which intrusive thoughts, numbness, and anxiety persist long after the stressful event has ended
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Neurosis
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early term used by DSM-II to describe disorders marked by anxiety, personal dissatisfaction, and inappropriate (but not psychotic) behavior
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Anxiety disorders
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characterized by some form of anxiety as the most prominent symptom. Include panic disorders, phobic disorders, OCD, GAD, and reactions to stressors
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Panic attack
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a rapidly rising surge of intense anxiety that occurs suddenly, either w/ or w/o clear cues, in an unpredictable fashion
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Phobia
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excessive or inappropriate fear of some particular object or situaiton that is not in fact dangerous
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Xenophobia
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fear of strangers
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Acrophobia
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fear of heights
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Specific phobias
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persistent irrational fears associated w/ a particular type of object (i.e. spiders or dogs) or situation (i.e closed area or high place)
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Obsessive behavior
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characterized by preoccupation w/ a particular type of though that keeps occuring repetitively
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Compulsive behavior
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characterized by an individual's need to repeat a series of acts again and again, even though he or she perceives them as senseless and/or interfering w/ desirable activities
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Acute PTSD symptoms
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PTSD begins w/in 3 months of the trauma
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Delayed PTSD symptoms
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PTSD symptoms emerge more than 6 months after the event
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Isolation
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defense mechanism by which inconsistent or contradictory attitudes and feelings are walled off from each other in consciousness
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Undoing
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defense mechanism aimed at negating or atoning for some disapproved impulse or act
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Reaction formation
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defense mechanism that enables the individual to express an unacceptable impulse by transforming it into its opposite
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Behavior therapy
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includes several techniques of behavior modification based on labaratory-derived principles of learning and conditioning; focus on modifying overt behvaiors, w/ minimal reference to internal and covert events
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Systematic desensitization
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a series of fear-arousing stimuli, carefully graded from mild to strongly fearful, are used. Only when a client is comfortable with one level of fear-producing stimuli is the next, slightly stronger stimulus introduced
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Implosive therapy
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behavior therapy technique based on the principle of extinction. Client is repeatedly presented w/ strong anxiety-provoking stimuli until they no longer react in an anxious manner
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