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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brief Psychotic Disorder
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Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms
Emotional turmoil that lasts 1 day to 1 month caused by stress or major traumatic/disturbing events |
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Shared Psychotic Disorder
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delusions that develop in someone who has a close relationship someone who is delusional
The second person comes to believe the delusions of the first person |
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Genetic Aspects of Schizophrenia
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tends to run in family
identical twins have higher rates of schizophrenia than fraternal polygenic - involves more than one gene |
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Age Correlated Incidence Rate of Schizophrenia
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takes into account predicted breakdowns for subjects who are not yet beyond age for succumbing to schizophrenia
Child with genetic risk + dysfunctional family = high risk Child with genetic risk + healthy family = low risk |
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Linkage Analysis
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occurrence of a disorder in an extended family is compared with that o a genetic marker for a physical characteristic or biological process that is known to be located on a particular chromosome
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Candidate Genes
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genes that are of specific interest to researchers because they are thought to be involved in a process that are known to be aberrant in a disorder
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Prenatal Exposure in Schizophrenia
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idea that schizophrenia may be caused by an infection prebirth
a mother's immune system may disrupt the development of the foetus's brain more likely to occur if there is a lack of oxygen to the baby or the mother is deprived of food |
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Developmental Precursors to Schizophrenia
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preschizophrenic children show:
motor abnormalitis negative facial emotions loss of facial emotions poor attention low social competence delayed speech development |
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Endophenotypes
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discrete, measurable traits that are thought to be linked to specific genes that may be important to schizophrenia
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Brain Volume and Schizophrenia
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patients with schizophrenia have enlarged brain ventricles, but tend to have brain mass reduction, over time the brain continues to shrink.
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Basal Ganglia and Schizophrenia
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involved in movement and emotions and in integrating sensory information. Abnormal function is thought to produce paranoia and hallucinations
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Auditory System and Schizophrenia
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enables humans to hear and understand speech. Schizophrenics tend to have over active speech area, they hear auditory hallucinations
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Occipital Lobe and Schizophrenia
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processes information about the visual world. People with schizophrenia have disturbances in this area and contribute to hallucinations
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Hippocampus and Schizophrenia
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Mediated learning and memory - impaired in schizophrenics.
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Limbic System and Schizophrenia
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Involved in emotion - disturbance can contribute to the agitation frequently seen in schizophrenia
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Frontal Lobe and Schizophrenia
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critical to problem solving and high level reasoning - problems in this area can lead to schizophrenics inability to plan actions/organize thoughts
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Dopamine
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most important chemical involved in schizophrenia
disturbances with dopamine can make us focus on stimuli that are not as important as others. Schizophrenic patients tend to have too much dopamine. |
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Glutamate
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excitatory neurotransmitter that is widespread throughout the brain. Blocking glutamate from its receptors can cause positive and negative schizophrenic symptoms.
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Expressed Emotion
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type of negative communication involving excessive criticism and emotional over involvement directed at a patient by family members. Has 3 main elements:
1) criticism 2) hostility 3) emotional over involvement Can predict relapse in patient with schizophrenia |
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Clinical Outcome
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38% of patients have favourable outcome
16% no longer need treatment once recovered 12% will need to be insitutionalized |
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Pharmacological Approaches to Schizophrenia
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Antipsychotics = medications that are among the first to be used to treat. People who receive antipsychotics have shown to be better in the long run than those who do not
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Family Therapy and Schizophrenia
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changes the aspect of the patient - relative relationship
generally works with patients and their families to educate them about schizophrenia and improve coping and problem solving skills |
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Case Manager
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helps patients find services they need in order to function within the community
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Social Skills Training
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designed to help patients acquire skills they need to function better including employment, relationship, and self care skills
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Cognitive Behavioural therapy and schizophrenia
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goal is to reduce relapses and social disability, works with therapist to explore hallucinations, and delusions. Especially beneficial for patients that do not benefit from antipsychotic medictions
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Personal Therapy
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a non psychodynamic approach that equips patients with a broad range of coping skills and techniques
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