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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
goodness-of-fit
the idea that behavior is problematic or ot problematic depending on the environment in which it occurs
culture
shared behavioral patterns and lifestyles that differentiate one group of people from another
culture-bound illess
abnormal behaviors that are specific to a particular location or group
abnormal behavior
behavior that is inconsistent with the individuals developmental, cultural, and societal norms, creates emotional distress, or interferes with daily functioning
developmental trajectory
the idea that common symptoms of a disorder may vary depending on a person's age
trephination
process whereby a circular instrument was used to cut away sections of the skull, possibly in an attempt to release demons from the brain
mass hysteria
a situation in which a group of people share and sometimes even act upon a belief that is not based in fact
emotional contagion
the automatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements of one person by another
animal magnetism
a force that Mesmer believed flowed within the body and, when impeded, resulted in disease
placebo effect
a condition in which symptoms of illness diminish or disappear not because of any specific treatment, but because the patient believes that a treatment is effective
dementia praecox
Kraepelin's name for a psychological disorder characterized by deterioratoin of mental faculties (schizophrenia)
schizophrenia
a disorder involving serious abnormalities in thought, perceptions, and behavior
talking cure
therapy in the form of discussion of psychological distress with a trained professional, leading to the elimination of distressing symptoms
psychoanalysis
a theory of abnormal behavior originated by Freud that was based on the belief that many aspects of behavior were controlled by unconscious innate biological urges that existed from infancy
classical conditioning
a form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
behaviorism
the theory that the only appropriate objects of scientific study are behaviors that ca be observed and measured directly
neurons
nerve cells found throught the body, including the brain
synapses
spaces between neurons
neurotransmitters
chemical sub. that are released into the synapse and transmit info from one neuron to another
neuroscience
the study of the structure and function of the nervous system and the interaction of that system and behavior
biological scarring
the process whereby years of living with a disorder cause changes in the brain
behavioral genetics
field of study that explores the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits
viral infection theory
the theory that during the prenatal period or shortly after birth, viral infections could cause some psychological disorders
ego psychology
a form of psycho dynamic theory that focuses on conscious motivations and healthy forms of human functioning
operant conditioning
a form of learning in which behavior is acquired or changed by the events that happen afterward
reinforcement
a contingent event that strengthens the response that precedes it
punishment
application of something painful or the removal of something positive
vicarious conditioning
a distinct type of learning in which the person need not actually do the behavior in order to acquire it
phenomenology
a school of thought that holds that one's subjective perception of the world is more important than the world in actuality
sociocultural models
the idea that abnormal behavior must be understood within the context of social and cultural forces
biopsychosocial perspective
the idea that biological, psychological, and social factors probably contribute to the development of abnormal behavior and different factors are important for different individuals
diathesis-stress model of abnormal behavior
the idea that psychological disorders may have a biological predisposition (diathesis) that lies dormant until environmental stress occurs and the combination produces abnormal behavior