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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
goodness-of-fit
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the idea that behavior is problematic or ot problematic depending on the environment in which it occurs
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culture
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shared behavioral patterns and lifestyles that differentiate one group of people from another
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culture-bound illess
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abnormal behaviors that are specific to a particular location or group
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abnormal behavior
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behavior that is inconsistent with the individuals developmental, cultural, and societal norms, creates emotional distress, or interferes with daily functioning
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developmental trajectory
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the idea that common symptoms of a disorder may vary depending on a person's age
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trephination
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process whereby a circular instrument was used to cut away sections of the skull, possibly in an attempt to release demons from the brain
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mass hysteria
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a situation in which a group of people share and sometimes even act upon a belief that is not based in fact
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emotional contagion
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the automatic mimicry and synchronization of expressions, vocalizations, postures, and movements of one person by another
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animal magnetism
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a force that Mesmer believed flowed within the body and, when impeded, resulted in disease
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placebo effect
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a condition in which symptoms of illness diminish or disappear not because of any specific treatment, but because the patient believes that a treatment is effective
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dementia praecox
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Kraepelin's name for a psychological disorder characterized by deterioratoin of mental faculties (schizophrenia)
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schizophrenia
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a disorder involving serious abnormalities in thought, perceptions, and behavior
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talking cure
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therapy in the form of discussion of psychological distress with a trained professional, leading to the elimination of distressing symptoms
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psychoanalysis
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a theory of abnormal behavior originated by Freud that was based on the belief that many aspects of behavior were controlled by unconscious innate biological urges that existed from infancy
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classical conditioning
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a form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response
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behaviorism
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the theory that the only appropriate objects of scientific study are behaviors that ca be observed and measured directly
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neurons
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nerve cells found throught the body, including the brain
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synapses
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spaces between neurons
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neurotransmitters
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chemical sub. that are released into the synapse and transmit info from one neuron to another
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neuroscience
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the study of the structure and function of the nervous system and the interaction of that system and behavior
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biological scarring
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the process whereby years of living with a disorder cause changes in the brain
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behavioral genetics
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field of study that explores the role of genes and environment in the transmission of behavioral traits
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viral infection theory
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the theory that during the prenatal period or shortly after birth, viral infections could cause some psychological disorders
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ego psychology
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a form of psycho dynamic theory that focuses on conscious motivations and healthy forms of human functioning
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operant conditioning
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a form of learning in which behavior is acquired or changed by the events that happen afterward
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reinforcement
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a contingent event that strengthens the response that precedes it
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punishment
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application of something painful or the removal of something positive
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vicarious conditioning
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a distinct type of learning in which the person need not actually do the behavior in order to acquire it
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phenomenology
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a school of thought that holds that one's subjective perception of the world is more important than the world in actuality
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sociocultural models
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the idea that abnormal behavior must be understood within the context of social and cultural forces
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biopsychosocial perspective
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the idea that biological, psychological, and social factors probably contribute to the development of abnormal behavior and different factors are important for different individuals
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diathesis-stress model of abnormal behavior
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the idea that psychological disorders may have a biological predisposition (diathesis) that lies dormant until environmental stress occurs and the combination produces abnormal behavior
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