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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homosexuality was removed from DSM in ___. From the WHO list in ____ |
it was removed from DSM in 1973 (DSM 3) and taken out of the WHO list in 1990 |
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Before we diagnose someone, we must ensure the problems are not due to ... What are the specifiers? |
specifiers: 1) lifelong (from time of sexual contact) vs acquired (period of normalcy then problem arose)
B Symptoms present for minimum of 6 months |
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What are the 4 major male sexual disorders? |
Delayed ejaculation - marked delay in ejaculation and infrequency or absence of ejaculation - less than 1% frequency - incidence increases after 50
erectile disorder - marked difficulty in obtaining/maintaining erection and marked decrease in erectile rigidity - can be caused by age, smoking, decreased desire - must be 75-100% of time over the 6 months
Male hypoactive - deficient/absent sexual or erotic thoughts or fantasies and desire for sexual activity - * not that there is a difference between the partners sexual desires
Premature ejaculation |
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List the 3 major female sexual disorders. |
- female orgasmic disorder - female sexual interest/arousal disorder - Genito-Pelvic Pain /penetration Disorder |
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Describe female orgasmic disorder, prevalance |
female orgasmic disorder - marked delay in or frequency of or absence of orgasm ** including during masturbation - markedly reduced intensity of orgasmic sensations - prevalence 10-45% (difficult to diagnose) - but many women never orgasm, and are ok with it (10%) - women tend to have more orgasms as they get older |
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describe the criteria for Female sexual interest/Arousal Disorder |
- lack of significantly reduced sexual interest or arousal
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Describe the criteria for Genito-Pelvic Pain /penetration Disorder
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1 or more of these: - can be extreme/mild, voluntary or not
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What are paraphilas? who has them and when do they begin? |
- intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations or people **distinguished from fetishes by the fact that you are unable to achieve sexual pleasure without the item - begin around puberty, almost exclusively in males (maybe because males are very visual) - these people often have strong sex drive - victimless ones (like a material or object) or ones with victims like federalism (rubbing up against another)
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How might paraphilias develop? |
- early inappropriate sexual associations - possible inadequate consensual adult partners - inappropriate development of social skills - these inappropriate sexual fantasies reinforced with masturbation - attempts to inhibit the behaviour only makes it worse |
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Describe the quails study on paraphilias |
- Classically conditioned Quails to associate reward with a terry cloth - conditioned them a light then give them a female quail - did the same with a terry cloth - there were some that were trying to copulate with the terry cloth and they didn’t show an extinction of the conditioned response (some other groups just approached the terry cloth and they saw extinction of the behaviour quickly after unpairing) - terry cloth w with the light they spent more time with it |
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What are the different paraphilic disorders? |
courtship: voyeurism, exhibitionistic, frotteuristic (frotteur=illegal) Algolangic: masochism and sexual sadism Anomalous target preferences: pedophilic, fetishistic or transvetistic
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What is a criterion that is common to ALL paraphilic disorders? |
Has acted with non consenting person or caused clinically significant distress
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describe voyeuristic disorder. Frotteuristic disorder? Sadism? |
- over 6 months arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked disrobing or engaging in sex - at least 18 years old
Frotteuristic Disorder - over at least 6 months intense arousal from rubbing against a non consenting person
Sadism= Arousal from physical or psychological suffering of another person |
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Describe exhibitionist disorder (duration, specifiers, victims, prevalence) |
- must be over at least 6 months, arousal from geital exposure - specifiers: prepubertal children, physically mature individuals or both - must have 3 or more victims - no minimum age unlike voyerism - prevalence : 2-4% |
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Define pedophilic disorder. What is included/excluded? what are the specifiers? |
- arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviours involving sexual activity with prepubescent child or children (under 13) - at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than victim - does not indulge people in late adolescence involved in ongoing relationship with a 12 or 13 year old - Specifiers: exclusive vs nonexclusive, males females or both, limits to incest - 40-60% of people who engage with children are not pedophiles, they maybe just have bad social skills, or only have children available to them, or are under the influence |
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What are some stats on pedophilic disorder? |
- study on 200 male students, 21% admit attraction to children, 5% masturbated to fantasy - study on 100 males and 180 females, 225 of males and 2% of women had attraction to kids - 80 volunteers, 25% had penile arousal to kids |
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men with pedophilia.... (4) |
- the majority of pedophiles dont actually have contact with children (and 40-50% of sexual offenders are not pedophiles), but still have the thoughts - have lower IQs - have more non-righthandedness - higher rates of head injury |
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What is the criteria for fetishistic disorder? (3) |
- intense arousal form use of nonliving objects or specific focus on nongenital body parts - objects not limited to articles of clothing used in cross-dressing or designed specifically for genital stimulation - specifiers: body parts, non living objects, other |
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What is transvestic disorder? specifiers? What is the prevalence of gender dysphoria? |
- intense arousal from cross-dressing - specifier: with fetishism, or with autogynephilia (arousal from thoughts of oneself as a female) ;
males: 005-.014% females .002-.003% - is this real difference or because of societal norms |
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what are the criteria for gender dysphoria in children ? (8) specifier? onset? |
In Children: marked incongruence between ones experienced gender and assigned gender for at least 6 months and with 6 of: - strong desire to be other gender/insisting - preference for wearing clothing of other gen - preference for cross-gender roles in play - preference for gender atypical games - preference for playmates of other gender - rejection of gender typical toys - dislike of own sexual anatomy - desire for primary/secondary sex characteristics that are not own Specifiers: with a disorder of sexual development (CAH [congenital adrenal hyperplasia masculinized genetalia] or AIS [XY: appear female at birth but dont go through puberty- most have gender identity of hetero female]) - onset is between 2 and 4 years old |
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what are the criteria for gender dysphoria in adults? specifiers? |
marked incongruence between ones experienced gender and assigned gender for at least 6 months and with 2 of: -incongruence between experienced gender and sex characteristics - desire to get rid of ones primary/secondary sex - strong desire for sex characteristics of other gender - desire to be other gender or treated as such - conviction one has typical feelings and reactions of other gender Specifiers: with a disorder of sexual development, posttransition |
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How can we treat paraphilias? |
- very difficult to treat (pedophilia: 12.2% recidivism) - CBT- cognitive distortions, victim empathy, social skills training, aversion therapy - biological treatments- castration |
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What did the DSM4 -TR add to the sexual disorders chart? |
they added "desire" to the human sexual response cycle - desire--> arousal-->plateau-->orgasm--> resolution
problems: thought it was very linear, women satisfaction not really tied to orgasm so is it a disorder if they miss a whole phase? |
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Early vs late onset gender dysforia |
§ Onset 2-4 § Early vs late onset ú Early— · Puberty—start to desist and may develop a relationship and reduction in questioning gender · Change in social environment during puberty § Majority are desisters ú 2-4% are those who persist throughout lifecourse ú study: those who persist—attracted to those who are more likely to be homosexual |
